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Enlarging Germany beyond its 1914 borders
Hitler envisioned enlarging Germany beyond its 1914 borders. Wanted to Bring the entire German people (Volk) into one nation. -
The great public purge trials
The Moscow Trials were a series of three show trials held in the Soviet Union at the instigation of Joseph Stalin between 1936 and 1938 -
Mussolini attacked Ethiopia
Mussolini was facing stressful affairs at home and felt that a war would divert attention. -
The Rome Berlin Axis
1936 Germany allied with Italy in the Rome-Berlin Axis (origins of the Axis powers) -
Japan Joins Axis Powers
Japan joined the Axis powers -
Blitzkrieg
Germany’s attack on Poland was swift—a Blitzkrieg—or lighting war -
Nevbille Chamberlin and policy of Appeasement
Neville Chamberlain was committed to the policy of appeasement and did not want Britain in another war -
The Nazi Soviet pact
Russia and Germany signed a 'Non-aggression Pact'. -
Mussolini attacked Ethiopia
In 1935, Mussolini attacked Ethiopia and Britain and France did not want to alienate Mussolini and in the end turned to Germany -
Nazi-Soviet Non aggression pact
This pact divided Poland between the two nations and allowed Russia to occupy the Baltic States. This pact effectively led to the French and English going to war -
Hitler in Czechoslovakia
In 1939 Hitler Invaded Prague putting an end to the Czech state -
Beaches of Dunkirk
British and French armies in Belgium fled to the English Channel and escaped from the beaches of Dunkirk, saving thousands of lives -
The Maginot Line
The Maginot Line, an imaginary line that ran from Switzerland to the Belgian frontier, was exposed on its left flank after Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland -
Prime Minister WInston Churchill and Appeasement
Britain was isolated after the Fall of France, but the rise of power of Prime Minister Winston Churchill ended the government’s days of appeasement -
Hitler Invasion of Britain
Hitler invaded Britain in 1940, bombing London and destroying much of the city -
Pearl Harbor
War was thrust on the Americans in 1941 when Japan launched an attack on the U.S naval base at Pearl Harbor -
Atlantic Charter
Declaration release by the president at this time. -
D-Day
On June 6th, 1944 D-Day American, British, and Canadian troops landed on the coast of Normandy, France and got through the German defense -
Battle of the Bulge
The Battle of Bulge in December 1944 resulted in heavy Allied losses, but the Allies pushed on and crushed German resistance -
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Americans warplanes dropped Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki -
Potsdam and Yalta Conferences
Yalta Conference- divide Germany into four occupation zones
Potsdam Conference- divide Berlin into occupation zones (Berlin would be located in the Middle of Russia Zone) -
Vichy Government
In France, the Vichy government that followed Germany’s aggression was a source of national controversy -
Anti-Semitism
The vichy government encouraged intense nationalism that fostered anti-Semitism -
General Charles de Gualle
General Charles de Gaulle, who had fled to Britain, urged the French people to resist their conquerors and support the French National Committee of Liberation -
French National Committee of Liberation
General Charles de Gaulle, who had fled to Britain, urged the French people to resist their conquerors and support the French National Committee of Liberation -
Fourth Republic
France voted to end the Third Republic and the Fourth Republic was started with a new constitution -
Yalta and Potsdam Conferences
Yalta Conference- divide Germany into four occupation zones
Potsdam Conference- divide Berlin into occupation zones (Berlin would be located in the Middle of Russia Zone) -
Refugee Problem
WWII created a terrible refugee problem
Millions of people were displaced from their homes -
Social Insurance
The concept of social insurance against risks should be available to all citizens came into being -
Contaiment
The U.S pursued a policy of containment to prevent Soviet Union into eastern Europe -
Marshall Plan
Truman set forth the Truman Doctrine which would evolve to the Marshall Plan which was Designed to Restore prosperity
Provide broad Economic aid to European states working together for their mutual benefit. -
Truman Doctrine
The early form of the Marshall plan. -
Molotov Plan
the system created by the Soviet Union in 1947 in order to provide aid to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned to the Soviet Union. -
Warsaw Pact
was a collective defense treaty among eight communist states of Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. -
State of Israel
The Arab-Israel conflict over disputed territory involved Europe and the United States. The Soviet Union became an ally to Arab states and the U.S Supports Israel -
NATO
Was a commitment to mutual assistance in the event of an attack -
Korean Conflict
Brought the Soviet Union and the United States on the opposite of yet another international dilemma -
Suez Intervention
Which involved French and British intervention in the war between Egypt and Israel. Proved that without U.S support, nations of Western Europe could not use military force to impose their will on the rest of the world -
Soviet Troop movements in Poland
Poland efforts towards independence temporarily caused crisis of Soviet troop movements in the region -
Hungarian Revolution
After the rise of power of Imre Nagy in Hungary Soviet troops invaded the country and deposed Nagy. The United States did not liberate Hungary as they promised in the Truman Doctrine -
EEC
This group hoped to achieve the elimination of tariffs, a free flow of capital and labor, and similar benefits in their countries -
Paris Summit Peace Talks
Paris Summit Talks collapsed and then Intended to promote the peaceful coexistence of the Soviet Union and the United States -
Providing social security
Britain created the first welfare state, with universal health coverage for all citizens -
Communist promises
Western European attitudes toward providing social security and coverage to all of their citizens grew in response to Communist promises (largely unfounded) of the same -
Humane Values
Women in the years since WWII have made important gains in the workplace. More women are in managerial positions and have better opportunities. Gender inequality remains a problem -
Intellectual Marxism
Many intellectuals remained fans of Marxism. They distinguished from the agenda of the Communist Party -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Soviet Union built nuclear launch pads in Cuba and were shipping nuclear weapons to Cuba. The U.S impose blockade of these weapons -
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
The Soviet Union and U.S concluded a nuclear ban treaty that marked the beginning of reduced tensions -
Brezhnev Doctrine
Sought to sustain the Communist governments of Eastern Europe and to prevent liberalization -
Decolonization
Undoing of colonialism, where a nation establishes and maintains its domination over dependent territories. -
Third World
Many of the states that became newly independent were called the third world because they were aligned neither with the United States nor the Soviet Union -
France in Vietnam and Algeria
France decolonization became an important part of the Cold War as the United States became involved in the war in Vietnam -
The Spanish Civil War
Crucial to the transformation of intellectual thought with regard to communism -
Green Political Movement
Green politics is a political ideology that aims to create an ecologically sustainable society rooted in environmentalism, non-violence, social justice, and grassroots democracy -
Margaret Thatcher
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and the Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990 -
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Lasted over nine years from December 1979 to February 1989. Part of the Cold War. -
Mikhail Gorbackev
Communism collapsed in Europe in part because of the changing Soviet Union policy advanced by Mikhail Gorbachev -
Leniod Brezhnev
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, presiding over the country from 1964 until his death in 1982. -
Women in Italy
They underwent rapid changes during these decades. -
Existentialism
Another powerful Intellectual trend during this time was existentialism which inspired philosphies. -
Perestroika
Under the policy of perestroika he proposed major reforms to the centralized economic ministries -
Glasnost
When these policies did not achieve the economic gains he desired he pursued bold political reform such as his policy glasnost, or “openness” -
Expansion of European population
The University populations in Europe expanded in the post-war years with higher education available to women throughout Europe -
Euro
The Treaty of Maastricht proposed a series of steps leading to a unified European currency (the Euro) and a strong central bank -
Soviet Invasion of Hungary
The Soviet occupation of Hungary following the defeat of Hungary in World War II, lasted for 45 years. The occupation ended in 1991. -
Forces of Secularization
Christianity continues to struggle against the forces of secularization in contemporary society -
Jewish community in Poland
Strands of neo-orthodoxy and liberalism are evident in contemporary Christianity. -
European Union
The EEC was renamed the European Union. The Euro was launched in 1999