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It is attributed to the Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus, who around 600 BC observed that when rubbing amber with leather, this resin attracted light objects, a phenomenon that we know today as electricity. -
The invention of the electric battery is attributed to the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta, with the creation of the voltaic pile. This pioneering device was composed of discs of dissimilar metals (such as copper and zinc) separated by materials moistened with a saline or acid solution, and was the first source capable of providing a constant and stable flow of electric current. -
Michael Faraday invented the first electric motor in , demonstrating how to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion by using the magnetic effect of an electric current. His device, the homopolar motor, laid the groundwork for future developments by inventors like Thomas Davenport, who built a practical DC motor with a commutator, and Nikola Tesla, who developed the alternating current (AC) motor -
A material with electrical conductivity intermediate between a conductor and an insulator, whose conductivity can be controlled by factors such as temperature, pressure, or electric fields, or by the addition of impurities (doping). Silicon is the most widely used semiconductor and is essential for the manufacture of electronic components such as transistors, chips, diodes (LEDs), and solar panels, forming the basis of modern technology. -
Transition from fossil-fueled vehicles to electric vehicles, including cars, buses, trains, and scooters. This transition reduces greenhouse gas emissions, improves air quality, and can lower maintenance costs. Key challenges include the development of charging infrastructure, battery improvements, and the need for a reliable electricity grid. -
Scottish inventor Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone in 1768, although Italian Antonio Meucci had created a similar device years earlier but was unable to patent it due to a lack of resources. Bell's first message was to his assistant, saying, "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you." -
The incandescent lamp was developed into the first commercially viable electric light bulb, a process credited to Thomas Edison and his teamthough other inventors like Joseph Swan contributed to the concept. Edison's version improved on earlier designs by using a high-resistance carbon filament in a high-vacuum bulb, creating a practical and economical light source for domestic use. -
A three-terminal semiconductor electronic component that can act as a switch or amplifier of electrical signals. Its operation is based on controlling the flow of current between two terminals (emitter and collector) by means of a small signal applied to the third terminal (base). It is a fundamental device in modern electronics, allowing the construction of complex circuits such as microprocessors and being essential in devices such as computers, telephones, and household appliances. -
Modern versions of traditional power grids that use digital technology and advanced communications to optimize electricity generation, distribution, and consumption in a more efficient and sustainable manner. They integrate user information, promote the use of renewable energy, and enable bidirectional energy flows, improving reliability and incident response.