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- Supreme court rules that segregation in Public Schools are Unconstitutional
- Began the equality movement in education
- History - brown v. Board of Education Re-enactment. United States Courts. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/history-brown-v-board-education-re-enactment
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- Provided state grants to help expand education for students with disabilities
- Federal government money was given to schools to help train special ed teachers better
- Special Ed Legislative History - Advocacy Institute. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://www.advocacyinstitute.org/academy/Dec10IDEA35/Special_Ed_Legislative_History.pdf
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- Provide state grants to help expand education for students who had disabilities
- Section 504, Rehabilitation Act of 1973. United States Department of Labor. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/centers-offices/civil-rights-center/statutes/section-504-rehabilitation-act-of-1973
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- Federal funding was provided to those who educated students with disabilities
- Started requiring schools to develop an (IEP) individualized ed program
- Moody, A. A. (2012, May 3). The education for all handicapped children act: A faltering step towards integration. Educ 300 Education Reform Past and Present. Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://commons.trincoll.edu/edreform/2012/05/the-education-for-all-handicapped-children-act-a-faltering-step-towards-integration/
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- Interpreter was taken from a deaf student
- Case offered a new interpretation of FAPE
- Created definition of FAPE and clarified that students don't have to be on maximum support to receive educational benefits
- Board of Ed. of Hendrick Hudson Central School Dist., Westchester Cty. v. Rowley. Oyez. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://www.oyez.org/cases/1981/80-1002
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- Student was denied education because the school thought his disability. was "too severe"
- Led to Zero-rejection policy. Schools are no longer allowed to deny a child with a disability education services.
- Samuels, C. A. (2020, November 19). Landmark special ed. case confirming 'zero reject' rule marks 25 years. Education Week. Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/landmark-special-ed-case-confirming-zero-reject-rule-marks-25-years/2014/12
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- Added traumatic brain injuries and autism as new categories of disability
- Transition element for students at age 16 or older was added
- "People first" language began
- An overview of the Americans with disabilities act. ADA National Network. (2022, February 24). Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://adata.org/factsheet/ADA-overview#:~:text=The%20Americans%20with%20Disabilities%20Act%20(ADA)%20became%20law%20in%201990,open%20to%20the%20general%20public.
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- Changed the IEP & added new components
- Reorganized structure of IDEA
- Congressional Research Service. (2004, August 3). Individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA): Discipline provisions in P.L. 105-17. EveryCRSReport.com. Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/98-42.html#:~:text=The%20IDEA%20Amendments%20of%201997%20allow%20a%20school%20to%20place,firearms%20as%20under%20previous%20law).
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- began holding the government responsible for the gains of students academically -Standardized testing
- No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Ospi. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2022
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- Gave a definition to "highly qualified" SPED Teachers
- Encouraged the RTI model in classrooms
- Removed short term goals in IEP's except for those with severe disabilities
- Special education. NYSED. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://www.p12.nysed.gov/specialed/idea/
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- School was unable to provide a "meaningful education"
- Schools had to specify standards
- Schools had to have a higher standard of education for students with disabilities.
- Supreme Court of the United States. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/16pdf/15-827_0pm1.pdf