Special Education Timeline

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    Shaping Special Education in the United States

  • The American School for the Deaf

    The American School for the Deaf

    The American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut, becomes the first permanent public school for the deaf, marking a significant milestone in providing specialized education for students with hearing impairments.
  • Dorothea Dix convices the Massachusetts state legislature

    Dorothea Dix convices the Massachusetts state legislature

    Dorothea Dix, a social reformer, convinces the Massachusetts state legislature to set aside funds for the care and treatment of individuals with mental illnesses. This action laid the foundation for future developments in special education for students with intellectual and emotional disabilities.
  • Brown v. Board of Education

    Brown v. Board of Education

    The landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education rules that "separate but equal" educational facilities for African American and white students are unconstitutional. While not specific to special education, this ruling laid the groundwork for desegregation efforts that would later influence special education practices.
  • President John F. Kennedy signs major legislation bill

    President John F. Kennedy signs major legislation bill

    President John F. Kennedy signs the Maternal and Child Health and Mental Retardation Planning Amendment to the Social Security Act, providing federal funding for the construction of community mental health centers and services for individuals with intellectual disabilities.
  • Education for All Handicapped Children Act

    Education for All Handicapped Children Act

    The passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142) guarantees a free, appropriate public education (FAPE) to all children with disabilities. This legislation later evolves into the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
  • Education for the Handicapped Act Expanded

    Education for the Handicapped Act Expanded

    The Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments expands services and protections to include infants and toddlers with disabilities through the creation of Part H, the Infants and Toddlers program, within IDEA.
  • Americans with Disabilities Act

    Americans with Disabilities Act

    The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is signed into law, prohibiting discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, public services, public accommodations, and telecommunications.
  • No Child Left Behind Act

    No Child Left Behind Act

    The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) requires states to develop assessments for students with disabilities, holding them to the same academic standards as their peers.
  • Individulas with Disabilities Education Improvement Act

    Individulas with Disabilities Education Improvement Act

    The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) reauthorizes IDEA, emphasizing the importance of accountability, parental involvement, and improved educational outcomes for students with disabilities.
  • COVID-19 New Strategies for Special Education

    COVID-19 New Strategies for Special Education

    The COVID-19 pandemic leads to a significant shift in education, prompting educators and policymakers to explore new strategies for providing special education services remotely and addressing the unique needs of students with disabilities during unprecedented circumstances.