-
Brown Vs. Board of Education Topeka
The beginning of civil rights about segregation. The supreme court unanimously voted that segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. They established "separate but equal." -
Brown vs. Board
This act enforced equal education for African American children. With the use of the fourteenth amendment, Brown convinced the court that "Separate but Equal" had no place in education. This lawsuit became the baseline argument for Special education laws twenty years into the future. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The predecessor to No Child Left Behind and wanted to improve educational equality for lower-income families. It provided federal funds to low-income school districts.
I appreciate that this act set laws to govern the schools but also allowed states freedoms about things like curriculum and general operations. -
PARC vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens sued Pennsylvania to obtain a state law that prohibited the exclusion of students with disabilities in a free education setting. Brown vs. Board aided PARCs eventual win. PARC challenged the many laws that were put in place to ban children with disabilities. -
PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennslyvania
The Pennslyvania Association for Retarded Children lawsuit used Brown v. Board to support their argument, helping them win the case. This state law at the time allowed public education to exclude children with disabilities who had not reached a mental age of five by the time they enrolled in first grade. The fourteenth amendment was used to help further their argument the court decided that Pensylvania could not deny any child up to 21 years old. Everyone is capable of benefiting from education -
Mills vs. Board of Education
Mills was an expansion of PARC. It went beyond children with developmental disabilities and included students with mental, behavioral, physical and emotional disabilities. The excuse of insufficient funds was not something that would suffice for the families that sued. If money was the issue, it should have been provided to the schools so the students could be taught. Everyone can profit from an education. Mills clearly outlined process procedures for labeling and placement. Framework for EAHCA -
Mills vs. Board of Education
The same year as PARC vs. Penn the Mills vs. board lawsuit was brought to court on behalf of 7 children who had been excluded from public school and denied educational services in the District of Columbia. This lawsuit expanded the impact of PARC beyond children with developmental delays, it added mental, behavioral, physical, and emotional disabilities.
The school's argument to the lawsuit was insufficient funds. Brown vs. Board aided.
Set the foundations for EAHCA(1975.)
Civ. A. No. 1939-71 -
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Creation of Section 504, similar to the IEP but section 504 is for life whereas the IEP is 3-21. This states that discrimination on the base of a disability is prohibited, it also aligns with title I of the ADA. If someone is qualified, no matter their disability, they should get the job. -
EAHCA
Education for All Handicapped Children Act was the foundation for IDEA. Any school receiving federal funding must provide equal access to education and one free meal for students with disabilities. This is the foundations of what would become the IEP they had to evaluate and create an education plan for the students with parental input. They set procedures in place that allowed parents to dispute decisions about their child's education. -
IDEA
The new and approved version of EAHCA. They created 6 main principles of this act; free appropriate education, appropriate evaluations, IEP, LRE, parent participation, and procedural safeguards. This was the implementation of the IE-twenty-page-plus-freaking-P. The IEP is a detailed, individualized education plan for students in the special education program. It also implemented the process of finding the least restrictive environment for each student. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The first civil rights law that takes care of the needs of people with disabilities. This law prohibits discrimination against people of all ages with disabilities. It enforces the rights of people with disabilities to get jobs and aids in the accessibility of establishments. People of privilege tend to not pay attention to things they don't experience, this act helped bring attention, accessibility, and awareness. -
IDEA Amendment of 1997
Consultations, no individual entitlements to services, and service plans were put into place among other policies. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The focus of NCLB was to close student gap. Students who had a disadvantage were given a greater chance to succeed. Pillars of the bill were; accountability, flexibility, research-based education, and parent options. The intentions behind the bill were good, the follow through and funding was not enough. Our teachers had to become more test-oriented vs. teaching oriented which resulted in the students becoming more of a score than a student. -
IDEA Amendment revision of 2004
The latest revision of IDEA Building the Legacy. This provides access to technology that helps children with disabilities excel. National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard was created to provide a system for textbook publishers to display their content in another way. It offered a different style of knowledge consumption for students that don't learn like the textbooks teach. Transition services were also added, this made children over the age of 16 be deeply involved in their IEPs. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
The most recent reauthorized version of No Child Left Behind, which was originally called ESEA. This law takes the places of progress and builds on them to make them more successful. ESSA has schools teach at a standard that will prepare them to succeed in college (isn't that what school is for?) This revision included evidence-based and place-based interventions for schools and also more grants available.
