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On May 17, 1954, the United States Supreme Court issued a historic ruling in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, declaring state legislation providing separate public schools for kids of different races unconstitutional.
References: U.S. Department of the Interior. (n.d.). 1954: Brown v. Board of Education (U.S. National Park Service). National Parks Service. Retrieved February 20, 2022, from https://www.nps.gov/articles/brown-v-board-of-education.htm -
The ESEA did not make it mandatory to teach kids with disabilities, but it did provide subsidies to state schools and institutions that implemented such programs. References: History of special education. Preceden. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2022, from https://www.preceden.com/timelines/326448-history-of-special-education -
Supported students with intellectual and learning disabilities enrolled in state-run institutions. According to PARC v. Penn, kids with disabilities should be placed in publicly financed school environments that meet their specific educational needs, based on a thorough examination. References: History of special education. Preceden. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2022, from https://www.preceden.com/timelines/326448-history-of-special-education -
Students were categorized as "Exceptional" by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. This covers people with mental and learning difficulties, and those who have behavioral issues. This made it illegal for the D.C. Board of Education to refuse students access to publicly financed educational opportunities. References: History of special education. Preceden. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2022, from https://www.preceden.com/timelines/326448-history-of-special-education -
Ed Roberts created this institute at UC Berkley to assist the needs of people with disabilities so they can live freely and away from nursing homes and other institutions. References: History of special education. Preceden. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2022, from https://www.preceden.com/timelines/326448-history-of-special-education -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act protects people with special needs and disabilities from discrimination. This is said to be the first statute that protects students with special needs. References: History of special education. Preceden. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2022, from https://www.preceden.com/timelines/326448-history-of-special-education -
This statute mandated that all kids with disabilities get an education in public schools. EAHCA mandated free education, special education for children ages 3 to 21, extra assistance, due process, zero reject, and the least restrictive environment. References: Fontes, L. A. (2008). Child abuse and culture: Working with diverse families. Guilford. -
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) states that in addition to their IEP, a student must attend as many general education classes as feasible. This guarantees that the student gets social interactions. Paras and aides are typically necessary in LRE courses. References: History of special education. Preceden. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2022, from https://www.preceden.com/timelines/326448-history-of-special-education -
A seminal case that established the Rowley Two-Part test for establishing whether FAPE is being satisfied in accordance with a student's IEP. The two-part test includes questions about whether the school followed IDEA processes and if the IEP was established in accordance with the act's procedures. References: History of special education. Preceden. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2022, from https://www.preceden.com/timelines/326448-history-of-special-education -
The Handicapped Children's Protection Act, signed by Ronald Reagan, was a law that provided parents of disabled children more voice in the establishment of their child's Individual Education Plan (IEP) References: History of special education. Preceden. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2022, from https://www.preceden.com/timelines/326448-history-of-special-education