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The first telescope was made by Hans Lippershey. This telescope happened to be a refracting telescope. Lippershey's original had two convex lenses with an inverted image or a convex objective and a concave eyepiece lens so it would have an upright image.
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The first spotting of the moon through a telescope was by Galileo Galilei. It was known to be very important because people never knew what the moon actually looked like besides a white blob in the sky.
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The first reflecting telescope was made by Issac Newton. He made the telescope to prove his theory on white light in a pectrum of colors.
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The first asteroid was discovered in 1801 and was named Ceres. Ceres was a asteroid back then but is now a dwarf planet.
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The first designed rocket was made in 1956 by the US and is launched. This rocket was Sputnik 1 which also was a satellite, but is also an R-7 rocket.
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The first satellite in orbit was made by the US and called
Sputnik 1. -
The first weather satellite launched was made by NASA and it was named Tiros 1. Tiros 1 oberated for 78 days and was more successful than Vanguard 2.
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The first person to not only orbit earth but the first person to go into space was Yuri Gagarin. It has been said that since Gagarin was the first person to orbit earth and go into space that he won many awards for it.
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The first american to orbit earth was John Glenn he was also one of the first american astronauts.
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The first people to walk on the moon were Neil Armstong and Buzz Aldrin during the Apollo 11 exploration.
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The first American woman to fly in space when the space shuttle Challenger launched was the one and only Sally Ride.
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The first solar system was taken by the Voyager, it was not a real picture it was basically just a diagram.
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The first to land on an asteroid was the US with their robotic space probe. This probe landed on the asteroid Eros which is or was near to earth.
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The first sample was taken by the japanese. This mission was said to be the first sample return mission.
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The first to orbit mercury was a US space craft/probe.