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The first spotting of the moon through a telescope by Galileo Galilei.
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The British mathematician William Moore publishes Treatise on the Motion of Rockets. This work features the first exposition of rocket mechanics based on Newton's third law of motion.
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Robert H. Goddard launches first liquid fueled rockets.
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The Soviet Union launches a female dog into space on Sputnik II.
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October 4 - The Soviet Union launched the first satellite, Sputnik, into space.
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April 12 - Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space.
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Mercury Friendship 7 lifts off with John H. Glenn, Jr., the first American in orbit, and orbits the Earth three times.
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February 20 - Astronaut John Glenn became the first American in orbit.
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Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, Jr. make the first manned soft landing on the Moon, and the first moonwalk, using Apollo 11.
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American Apollo (18) and Soviet Soyuz 19 dock, the first international spacecraft rendezvous.
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Voyager 2 completes its flyby of Saturn. closest approach.
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Sally K. Ride is the first U.S. woman to travel in space, on Challenger mission STS-7.
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The space shuttle Challenger explodes shortly after liftoff of mission STS-51L.
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Space Shuttle Discovery launches on STS-31, deploying the Edwin P. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) astronomical observatory.
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The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous spacecraft is successfully landed on the surface of the asteroid Eros.