Space Exploration

By s-osteinmetz
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  • Pioneer Space Program

    The program was started in 1958 when they launched the first probe, Pioneer 0. In 1965, a probe did what it was supposed to do. NASA and USAF were involved.$350 was put into each spacecraft. The most successful were 10 and 11. NASA wanted to escape Earth’s orbit and venture into the rest of solar system without anyone getting hurt. The program managed to send back information from a very long ways away. The Pioneer had only 77 seconds before it crashed into the Pacific Ocean.

  • Sputnk, Mercury, and Gemini

    Soviet Union’s spacecraft, Sputnik, was launched on October 4, 1957. It was the size of a beach ball. Mercury was announced on October 7, 1958. It used a red stone rocket. It made it possible for Gemini and Apollo. There was a total of two missions. The Gemini was announced ot the public later on. Gemini had its first mission on April 8, 1964. Mercury proved to be safe for humans. The cost was $1,280. they were all launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

  • Venera Space Probes

    The probes were launched between 1961 and 1981 from the Soviet Union and Paris. They were created by the Soviet Union. They explored Venus. It was the largest effort to study another planet. There was a total of 16 probes. Venera 4 was the first successful one, and it told the temperature of the atmosphere. Venera 3 crash landed, and Venera 4 entered another planet's atmosphere for the first time. All the information collected was able to send itself to earth within a few minutes.

  • Apollo Missions

    The Apollo Project lasted from 1961-1972. The first manned flight was in 1968, and the first moon walk was on July 20, 1969. 12 Americans have walked on the moon and there has been five other moon landings. NASA and John F. Kennedy were involved. We were pushing to get to space. Water filters, memory foam, cordless tools, ear thermometers, scratch resistant galss, and other things were invented because of the Apollo Mission. The cost was 25.4 billion dollars.

  • The Mariner Program

    The program lasted from 1962 to 1973. 554 million U.S. dollars were put into it. It was an investigation of Mars, Venus, and Mercury. There was a total of 10 vehicles. The program was conducted by the American Space Agency and NASA. All of the Mariners were launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

  • The Space Shuttle

    NASA began creating and building 6 shuttles in 1968. It occured in Kennedy Space Station in Florida.130 flights and 350 people went into space. The U.S. wanted to beat Russia.The Enterprise, Colombia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavor were the six space shuttles built. They developed glass that couldn't be scratched. The cost was 2.1 billion.

  • Space Stations

    The Skylab was launched on August 8, 1969. The MIR Space Station was launched on February 20, 1986. The International Space Station was launched on November 20, 1998. NASA was involved with these space stations. The Skylab was 2.2 billion dollars, and the International Space Station was 150 billion dollars. 16 countries helped with it. They were used to see how it would be llike for a human to live in space for an extended period of time.

  • Viking Probes

    Viking 1 was launched on August 20, 1975, and Viking 2 was launched on September 9,1975. The mission concluded on August 7, 1980. NASA was the only organization involved. Both Viking 1 and 2 cost 1 billion. They were sent to collect dark spots that might be small life forms. We were able to see Mars up close and collect soil samples.

  • Voyager Probes

    The first probe was launched on September 5, 1977 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. It explored planets like Jupiter and Saturn. The 2nd voyager was launched on August 20, 1977. It also, explored Jupiter and Saturn. The cost was $250 for each. They were both made in the Kennedy Space Center.

  • Magellan Spacecraft

    The spacecraft was launched on May 4, 1989 from Kennedy Space Center. It was created to orbit Venus. Its orbit lasted 94 minutes. It was the first spacecraft to take images of Venus. The surface seemed young, and the densities were very close. The cost was $551 billion. It was also the first ot be launched by shuttle. Magellan had to be intentionally crashed.

  • Galileo Spacecraft

    The Galileo Spacecraft was launched on October 18, 1989. It orbited Jupiter and took 15,387 images. On December 4th 1995, Galileo released its probe into Jupiter’s atmosphere and broke into orbit around the planet. On November 4th 1996, it was the Galileo’s first flyby. In 1994, Galileo made the only observation of a comet impacting a planet – comet Shoemaker-Levy 9’s collision with Jupiter. The cost was 1.6 billion.

  • Hubble Space Telescope

    The Hubble Space Telescope was launched on April 24, 1990. In 1962, the decision was made to make the telescope. It was made in California and it was shipped to Florida. It was designed to take pictures from space, and it was one of the most successful and long lasting telescopes. It is still in use and being monitered. NASA and the European Space Agency were involved.

  • N.E.A.R Mission

    It was launched on Feb. 17, 1996 at 20:43. It entered orbit around Feb. 14, 2000. The N.E.A.R stood for Near Earth Asteriod Rendezvous, and it was designed for NASA. Nothing ever landed on an asteriod. The cost was $224 million. They figured out that the surface of Eros had actually collapsed. They also got to experience images from the moon and thousands of other things using this technology. There was high-tech materials used for the space environment.

  • Cassini Missions

    The mission extended so that it would go to Septembre 2017. It was first launched in October of 1997. The Venus flyby was on April 26, 1998 at 234 km and June 24, 1999 at 600 km. The Earth flyby was on August 18, 1999. It was a probe and an orbiter. The mission was created to get information about Saturn. They were sent to Saturn, Titan, Cape Canaveral, and Houston.The cost was around 3.27 billion. NASA and the European Space Reasearch and Technology Center were both involved.

  • Genesis Spacecraft

    The Genesis spacecraft mission lasted from 1997 to 2007 even though there is research still being conducted on the samples found. Genesis was launched on August 8, 2001 from Kennedy Space Center, but it crashed landed in Utah on September 8, 2004. The parachute wasn’t able to deploy because of false and incorrect manufacturing.

  • Mars Exploration Rover

    It lasted from 1971 to 2013. It is an ongoing mission!!! NASA is involved with it. The cost was $820 million. The first four missions cost $104. The fifth mission cost $20 million. There were 38 tries, bust most failed. People wanted to know what it was like on Mars. They also wanted to see if there could be life. Hundreds of scientists were hired to track the rovers and record their findings. Spirit stuck to soil, and 6 months later it was decided that it was a stationary rover.