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Horace Mann and the Common School (CRC)
Horace Mann appointed as Secretary of Massachusetts Board of Education. He led a movement to reform education to enhance civic engagement and instill moral habits. Teachings from the bible, without a specific religious denomination supported, would provide students a foundation of moral virtue. (Warder, 2015) -
John Dewey publishes Democracy and Education (RRC)
John Dewey publishes Democracy and Education, positing education in a democracy is critical to allow individuals to interact socially and have a certain level of personal control. (Kira, 2019) -
Father Flanagan creates Boys Town (CRC)
Edward J. Flanagan purchases property in Omaha, Nebraska to create Boys Town for homeless boys. The community welcomes boys regardless of religion or race, and a school is built to educate and instill life skills, build relationships, and improve decision-making. (Boys Town, 2021). -
C.S. Lewis publishes Abolition of Man (UPC)
C.S. Lewis, author of the Narnia chronicles, publishes Abolition of Man. The book espouses the relevance of universal values. Lewis referred to his doctrine of objective values as Tao; he believed individuals all over the world and throughout various periods of history shared common, objective values. (Schackel, 2019). -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) (CRC)
President Lyndon B. Johnson signs legislation that authorizes the federal government to provide monetary aid for the education of disadvantaged students in K-12 education (Klein, 2015). -
Character Education Partnership (CEP) is established (RRC)
Two events from 1992, a conference in Aspen, Colorado, and a meeting held in Racine, Wisconsin, spawned a partnership focused on character education. The Character Education Partnership (CEP) eventually was re-branded as Character.org in 2014. (Berkowitz et al., 2020) -
Daniel Goleman writes Emotional Intelligence (CRC)
Daniel Goleman writes Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than I.Q. He believes emotional literacy teaching should be integrated with academics. He becomes co-founder of the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL). (Goleman, 2021) -
Maurice Elias co-authors Promoting Social and Emotional Learning: Guidelines for Educators (SECD)
As one of several authors, Maurice Elias defines Social Emotional Learning (SEL) and formally defined the field. CASEL is eventually created with the mission of implementing evidence-based SEL. (Elias et al., 1997) -
George Sugai and Rob Horner develop the EBS Program (RRC)
The two researchers at University of Oregon develop a program based on effective behavior supports (EBS); the program eventually becomes the Positive Behavioral Interventions and Strategies (PBIS) program aimed at providing rewards based on the use of data; the goal is to positively impact academic and social behaviors (Center on PBIS, 2021) -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) (CRC)
President George W. Bush signs the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), increasing the federal government's role in holding schools accountable for student achievement. The legislation placed pressure on schools to boost the performance of disadvantaged students through a sharp focus on standardized test scores. (Klein, 2015) -
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Atlanta Public School (APS) Cheating Scandal (CRC)
APS schools participated in widespread and systematic cheating due to pressure based on NCLB and accountability. The indiscretion brought NCLB and ethics, as it relates to altering scores, into question (Patrick et al., 2018). Shortly thereafter, Superintendent Meria Carstarphen implements district-wide SEL to change the culture of APS (Carstarphen, 2018). -
Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning Act of 2011
Legislation proposed by Congressman Tim Ryan amends the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 and provides funding for teachers and principals to be trained in social-emotional development approaches. (Suttie, 2013). (CRC) -
Character.org is created (RRC)
CEP is re-branded to become Character.org. Their Eleven Principles of Effective Character Education becomes a framework upon schools can build a culture of effective character education or evaluate a current program's implementation. (Berkowitz et al., 2020) -
MOSAIC is implemented (SECD)
MOSAIC (Mastering Our Skills and Inspiring Character), a comprehensive curricular SECD approach developed between 2012 and 2015, is implemented as an integration of social-emotional skills and character development (Hatchimonji et al., 2017).