SEPs

  • Formation of the International Telegraph Union (ITU), first international standardizing body.

  • Rise of mobile telephony, early discussions about SEP concept.

  • Formation of European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).

  • Widespread adoption of GSM standard, first major example of SEP licensing.

  • Rise of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and other wireless standards, increasing complexity of SEP landscape.

  • Surge in SEP litigation around the globe, concerns about hold-up and FRAND disputes.

  • Ongoing debates about SEP reform, focus on promoting innovation and competition.

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