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Political System
Many countries adopted the universal vote for men while suffragette movements began to arise climbing the vote for women, although this was achieved in finland 1906 and norway 1913.
Outside Europe Universal male suffrage was also adopted by the United States. The Austro-Hungarian Empire consisted of multiple nationalities. Beginning in 1867, it became a dual monarchy formed by two crowns (Austria and Hungary) Russian empire approved the emancipation of the serfs. -
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The Second Industrial Revolution
Became in The United States and Germany, and was based on the use of new energy sources and changes in work organization. -
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Imperialism
Beginning in 1870, European colonial expansion focused on Africa, Asia, and the Pacific and entered a new stage known as imperialism.
Their main objective was to dominate the economy and form colonies.
Causes of imperialism:
Political and strategic. The possession of colonies ensured the power.
Demographic. population could be sent to reduce unemployment and alleviate internal social tensions.
Economic. Required having territories for supling.
Ideological. (Darwinism) -
Bismarck Alliance System 1871-1890
These were a set of alliances, based on secret diplomacy, promoted by Foreign Minister Otto Von Bismark. Its objective was to isolate France, an enemy of Germany due to the loss of Alscia and Lorraine in the Franco-Prussian War, and prevent its alliance with Russia against Germany. -
Social Development 2ºIndustrial Revolution
During this time many democratic organizations formed by workers were created.
The first and most important is the German Social Democratic Party founded in 1875, which is followed by that of France and an aerial kingdom of Italy and Spain.
Labor Internationalism was revived by the formation of the
Second International or Socialist International (Paris, 1889),
conceived as a federation of socialist and workers' parties based
on Marxist principles
This made the proletariat progress as a society -
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International Situation Outside Europe
After the Civil War (1861- 1865), The United States colonized the central prairies and the Northeastern cities were quickly industrialized. As a result they became a leading industrial power. In Japan, the Meiji Revolution (1868-1912) brought about the replacement of the feudal monarchy by a constitutional parliamentary system and the triumph of Westernization. -
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International Situation In Europe
The UK continued to be the strongest commercial and financial power in the world and they called the "Victorian era" 1837-1901. Then they lost industrial supremacy in favor of Germany And United States. After unification, Germany became the second most important economic power in the world, under the reign of William II 1888-1914. France remained amongst the great powers of the world. The mediterranean countries and the austro-hungarian, Russian and Ottoman Empires lesser grow. -
Triple Alliance
Formed by Italy, Germany and Austria-Hungary -
Population And urban Growth 2ºIndustrial Revolution
During 1870 and 1914 the European population grew rapidly from 300 to 440 million people. As a result, emigration abroad and the urban population increase. -
The scramble for Africa
(1870)European countries managed to take coastal territories from Africa and those with caste territories were allowed to explore the interior. Finally Bismarck called the countries that had land in Africa and divided the territories equally.
The United Kingdom tried to form a continuous colonial strip from Cairo. Extended its domain between Senegal, to the west, and Somalia, to the east. Other countries such as Belgium, Germany, Portugal, Italy and Spain completed the division of the continent. -
Peace Through Strength 1891-1914
Peace was maintained during these years but, anticipating war, European countries rearmed and formed two alliance blocs: the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, Russia and the United Kingdom) -
Imperialism in Asia, Oceania and America
Britain took India and Burma, France the rest of Indochina, Holland, Indonesia and Russia incorporated Siberia and extended into India and China. Japan tried to annex Korea and the United States took control of the Philippines.
In Oceania the UK incorporated Australia and the United states occupied Hawaii.
In America United States expand their territories to cuba and Puerto Rico and the Panama Canal -
Consequences of Imperialism
It had quite a few consequences, but the ones that stand out the most is that because of this and some others, the First World War happened. -
New Sources of energy 2ºIndustrial Revolution
The most important are Oil and Electricity, as well as new engines which would move the machines. -
Changes in work 2ºIndustrial Revolution
They responded to the need for mass production of cheap goods.They were two new organizations Taylorism and Fordism.
The leading Industrial Sectors
The technical innovations diversify industry, especially the metallurgical and chemical industries, that were the most important sectors in the second industrial revolution. -
New means of transport 2ºIndustrial Revolution
With the electricity the railway evolved and took place to Trams and the underground. Car was invented in2886 by Benz and 1893 by Diesel and aviation by the Wright Brothers in 1903 -
Communication 2ºIndustrial Revolution
Invention of the telephone in 1860 by Meucci, the phonograph in 1876 by Edison the cinematograph in 185 by the Lumiere Brothers and the radio by Tesla in 1897. -
Agriculture 2ºIndustrial Revolution
Increase ist yield due to the use of fertilizers and fodders, the use of machines and the new techniques also were involved in the increase of food production -
Trade 2ºIndustrial Revolution
Two types of trade predominated: The Domestic Trade and the International trade, the latter improved a lot thanks to the improvement of transport and the speed of production. -
Capitalism
Two types of trade predominated: The Domestic Trade and the International trade, the latter improved a lot thanks to the improvement of transport and the speed of production. -
Russian Revolutions of 1905 and 1917
In 1905 Russia was defated by Japan, and that provoked a revolution that forced the Tsar to creat a parliament and implement certain reforms.
In 1917 Russian were defated in the WWI, makes two revolutions:
-The bourgeoise february revolution ( estabilished a republic)
-The Bolshevick October revolution (overthrew the provisional government and placed their lider Lenin in power)and in 1881 the Bolshevicks began to called themselves the Communist Party -
Triple Entente
Triple Entente was an alliance between various countries in the year 1907 and framed in the conflict of World War I. It included France, Great Britain, and Russia, which were progressively joined by other nations throughout the conflict. -
Balkans War
The Balkan Wars were two wars that took place in southeastern Europe from 1912 to 1913. The first confronted the Ottoman Empire with the so-called Balkan League formed by Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece and Serbia. The small Balkan nations managed to expel the Ottomans from almost the entire territory of the peninsula, but they will not be able to avoid confronting each other over the distribution of the lands that had been taken from them, which caused the Second Balkan War. -
Contenders WWI
Central powers: Germany, the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary.
Triple entente: France, Russia and Serbia United state and other states would join later. -
Causes WWI
Some political conflicts between the two groups, also some economic rivalries, for having the economic control of the world and also systems of military alliances were one of the reasons.
The spark of war immediately caused a conflict and also the possession of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. -
Phases and events WWI
The war of movement 1914
Trench Warfare 1915 - 1916
The War ends 1917 - 1918 -
Consequences WWI
More than 15 million deaths, a lot of hunger and destroyed crop fields making it impossible to grow anything.
Mass movement of soldiers and refugees helped spread one of the world’s deadliest influenza pandemics, also called the Spanish flu.
The map of Europe changed forever as territories were divided among the victorious Allied powers.
The war led to the October Revolution in Russia, which put the Bolsheviks in power of the Russian government.
The United States emerged as a world power. -
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First World War
Economic rivalries between countries were increased from the beginning of the century due to comercial competition. Thus, France and the United Kingdom distrusted the growth of the German economy and its strong presence on the colonial markets. -
Causes of the Russian Revolution
At the begining of the 20th Century the Russian expand a lo their territories and also the Revolution included peasant, worker, and military dissatisfaction with corruption and inefficiency within the czarist regime, and government control of the Russian Orthodox Church. In general there was a dissatisfaction at the economic and social level. -
Consequences of the Russian Revolution
Lenin's goverment (1921-24) then he woul creat the Uion Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and also implement The New economy Policy (NEP)
Stalin's Goverment (1927-53) He began a totalitarian political system called Stalinism and the economy became controlled by the state. -
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Russian Revolution
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Russian Civil War
The main causes of the Russian civil war were the following: The taking of power by the Bolsheviks, who overthrew the Russian provisional government in October 1917. The opposition of nationalist forces, conservative and pro-monarchist sectors, to the reforms carried out by the Bolshevik government. -
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Paris peace conference
The defeated countries opf the Firt World War signed treaties to reduce their armies,pay war reparations and make territorial concessions. -
Soviet Union (USSR)
Was a communist state that spanned Eurasia during its existence from 1922 to 1991. It was nominally a federal union of multiple national republics; in practice its government and economy were highly centralized until its final years -
Fascism in Italy
Benito Mussolini created the fascism founded the National Fascist Party using paramilitary groups.
Mussolini organized the March on Rome with the Blackshirts and was named prime minister by the king. Once
in power established a fascist dictatorship. -
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The Roaning Twentles
The economy went trough a period of prosperity known as Roaring Twenties. United States experienced
the greatest prosperity based on three pillars : Industrial development, increase in consumption and stock market
investments -
The Crash of 1929
The crack of 29, was a tragic event where the NY stock market collapsed and went under, the day that happened is known as "Black Thursday" because on this day the vast majority of Americans lost all their money, This led to a great depression around the world. -
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Great Depression
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Causes Of The Great Depresion
The main cause of this depressión is the Crash Of the 29 -
Consequences Of the russian Revolution
Economically, agricultural and industrial production dropped as demand fell and foreing trade slowed.
Population grow slowed considerably.
Unemployment and inequality increase in the society.
In politics, democracy was discredited by the depressión. -
Proposals dor a solution For The Great Depression
Some of the people thought that the solution was the autarchy, but most of the countries adopted the ideas of the British economist John Maynard Keynes -
Nazism
Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Party was the beginning of Nazism in Germany.
The main consequences of Nazism are: Germany's quest for revenge, since it was considered had been humiliated by the Treaty of Versailles for have to pay compensation to the Allies and reduce
its army and naval fleet.
Hitler was vote by the people to be the governor, and onece he was in the power he ended the republic and began persecutions of Jews. -
Participants WWII
Western powes (Allies): United Kingdom and France.
Axis powers: Germany and Italy.
During the war both gain allies, such us the Soviet Union, Japan and United States. -
Causes WWII
Germany's quest for revenge, since it considered it had been humiliated by the Treaty of Versailles by having to pay an indemnity to the Allies and reduce its army and naval fleet; the increase in totalitarian ideologies and the rise of militarism; and an economic depression and general impoverishment.
caused by the 1929 crisis.
More inmediate consequences:
1932, Japan invaded Manchuria.
1935, Italy annexed Ethiopia.
1939, Italy annexed Albania.
1938,Germany annexed Austria. -
Development of the WWII Part 1
THE VICTORIES OF THE ASIX POWER (1939-1941), during this time the Germans managed to conquer France using one of their most important tactics, that of attacking through a border or another country and entering where there was no enemy, this and more tactics made Germany gain territories very easily and while killing all the Jews he found. -
Development of the WWII Part 2
In (1941-1943) comes another stage THE EVENTS OF THE WAR, during this period of the war, Germany was stopped by Great Britain in North Africa and by Russia in Stalingrad.
.After THE ALLIES TURN THE TIDE (1943-1949) the Allies won the advent of the war after a double offensive in Western Europe. The Allies finally won, when Russia entered Berlin. -
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Second World War
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Consequences of the WWII
Thousands of cities, houses, fields were destroyed...
More than 60 million people died and more than 70 million were maimed, seriously injured...
Many people had to emigrate to other countries for economic and social reasons.
The European monarchies disappeared and after this war the world map, but more in Europe changed