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Period: 1200 to
Scientific Revolution
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1214
Roger Bacon
Roger Bacon was an English philosopher and scientist. He has studied at Oxford and Paris. He was looked at as a leading scholar and he was one of the earliest to favor a scientific experimentation system. He did not believe in faithful acceptance, religious ideas or ancient beliefs. He shaped his mind by practicing alchemy and the thinking of time. -
1500
New Understanding
In the 1500's people started to question Ancient beliefs. Things were not adding up with traditional explanations. At this time people were looking for answers to life long questions using a different approach. People were now learning to form conclusions based on what people observed. This lead to the scientific revolution. -
1543
Andreas Vesalius
Andreas Vesalius was a Flemish scientist. He studied anatomy. He refused to believe the descriptions of the human muscles and tissues. This caused him to do his own studies. After that he published his 7 volume book in 1543. It was called,"On the Fabric of the Human Body." In the book there were illustrations of the human body. He helped people gain vision of how the complicated parts of the body work together. -
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish scientist. He did not believe in Ptolemy's theory, the geocentric theory. This theory was that the sun and other planets circled the earth. Copernicus started to believe that the earth and other planets circled the sun otherwise known as the heliocentric theory. Copernicus theory answered unknown facts. People did not believe in his theory because the geocentric theory was believed in for centuries and people did not feel the earth moving. -
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer. Copernicus did not have mathematics and instruments to help him prove his theory. Kepler believed his theory so he used his mathematics skills, models and observations. Kepler would get frustrated because some of the ideas Copernicus based his theory on were wrong. Although that slowed Kepler down he kept trying and finally proved hit. He then published a book of his laws of planetary motion. -
William Harvey
William Harvey was an English physician. He contributed to the scientific revolution by studying the circulation of blood. After he studied the circulation of blood using a experimental approach, he was able to describe how blood went through veins and arteries. He was also able to to observe one of our most important muscles, the heart. William Harvey was able to give people a better understanding of their body. -
Galileo Galilei
Galileo was a Italian scientist. He helped prove Copernicus's heliocentric theory. Galileo had made his own device called the telescope after reading about a dutch device. This then caused Galileo to see things in the sky that people couldn't see before. He was able to see the rings around Saturn and the craters of the moon. One big important thing he saw was moons orbiting Jupiter. This then proved Copernicus's heliocentric theory. This caused arguments because it was against the bible. -
Rene Descartes
Rene Descartes was a French mathematician and philosopher.He was one of the leaders in the scientific revolution. His discoveries lead to advances in math and science. He believed that all assumptions needed to be proven by known facts. Only ideas could be accepted if they were proven by facts. He built a method of questioning that followed logical reasons. -
Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon was an English scientist and philosopher. He lived around the same time Descartes did. He believed scientific theories had to be developed by observations. No assumptions could be made unless it was proven by experiments. Bacon would only believe things that could be proven physically, rather than thinking. -
Zacharias Janssen
Zacharias Janssen was a Dutch inventor. In his working time he was able to create a microscope that helped Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discover bacteria. He was also able to create the first optical telescope. -
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was a dutch scientist. He used a microscope to discover animalcules, also known as bacteria. With the microscope he was able to study tiny life forms that people couldn't see with the human eye. This opened many doors for new discoveries. -
Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle was a philosopher. He helped create and develop modern chemistry. He discovered how matter could change into different states. He also showed that gas that occupies a space can be affected by temperature and pressure. -
Gottfried Leibniz
Gottfried Leibniz was a German mathematician. He helped develop a new branch of calculus like Isaac Newton. They did not work together but independent of each other they developed their own ideas. He was also very positive when working. He invented somethings like the Leibniz wheel and the pinwheel calculator. -
Isaac Newton
Issac Newton was an English scientist. He wanted to help the early scientist help prove the heliocentric theory because they did not give science behind it. Newton did many measurements and experiments. He finally discovered that the force that holds planets together and the force that makes objects fall are the same. He created the law of universal gravitation. It stated that all bodies attract each other. This helped support the heliocentric theory. Isaac made an impact in science. -
Joseph Priestly
Joseph Priestly was an English Chemist. During his work he was able to discover a new element . Antoine Lavoisier later than named it oxygen. He also was able to publish over 150 works -
Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier was an English chemist. In his works he was able to explain why fire wasn't an element. He proved it was a result when a substance was combined with oxygen. He also named oxygen for Joseph Priestly. Antoine Lavoisier was also able to discover that matter would change states. -
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel was a a scientist and was known for creating the science of genetics. He would work on pea plants. When he did he discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance. He also learned genes come in pairs. He also tracked the split of the parent genes and how some genes are recessive and some are dominate. -
Marie Curie
Marie Curie was a polish scientist. Marie and her husband worked together to discover radioactivity. They would take minerals and other substances and test how much radioactivity they had. After testing they found that some minerals had more radioactivity than others. In 1910 she was able to make radium as a medal. -
Stephen Hawking
Stephen Hawking is a professor of mathematics at the University of Cambridge. Even though he may have disability where he can't control his muscles, he still helped the discovery of black holes. During his time working, he discovered that black holes emit radiation. He has also written several books. -
Thomas Kuhn
Thomas Kuhn was an American philosopher. He was trained as a physicist at Harvard. He then became a historian and philosopher. He provided a new image of science. His scientific revolution included discovering the paradigm shift.