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Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a comprehensive heliocentric model which placed the Sun, rather than the Earth, at the center of the universe.
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Andreas Vesalius was a Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica. Vesalius is often referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy
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Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St. Alban, Kt., KC was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, and author. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England
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Galileo Galilei, was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution.
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Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers, based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astronomy. These works also provided one of the foundations for Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation.
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William Harvey was an English physician. He was the first to describe completely and in detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the body by the heart, though earlier writers had provided precursors of the theory.
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René Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic
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Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was an English aristocrat, a prolific writer, and a scientist. Born Margaret Lucas, she was the youngest sister of prominent royalists Sir John Lucas and Sir Charles Lucas.
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Robert Boyle, FRS, was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, also noted for his writings in theology
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Sir Isaac Newton PRS MP was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian who has been considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived.
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Maria Margarethe Kirch was a German astronomer, and one of the first famous astronomers of her period
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Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, the "father of modern chemistry," was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry and biology. He named both oxygen and hydrogen and predicted silicon.