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384 BCE
Aristotle
Aristotle: 384-322 BC Aristotle was a philosopher that lived in Ancient Greece he aimed to know the point of life and the best way to live it. He was enrolled in Plato’s academy and tutored Alexander the Great. Later he founded his own school, the Lyceum. Aristotle made contributions to mathematics, logic, metaphysics, biology botany, politics, ethnics, medicine, dance, theater, and agriculture. -
100
ptolemy
Ptolemy: 100-168 Ptolemy claimed the the sun, stars, moon, and other planets all revolve around the Earth in a theory called the geocentric theory. He applied mathematics to astronomical problems and events. -
1473
copernicus
Copernicus: 1473-1543 When everyone thought everything revolved around the earth (geocentric) Copernicus proved that everything revolved around the sun (heliocentrism) . He created an incorrect model but it created a foundation for future scientists to work off of. He spent most of his time studying mathematics and astronomy. Traveled to italy when he was 18 to attend college. -
1546
Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe: 1546-1601 Born in Skane he attended Copenhagen and Leipzig universities, he studied further at the universities of Wittenberg, Rostock, and Basel. He also studied the new star of 1572.Tycho lost part of his nose which he then replaced with a metal insert. Tycho invented and calibrated astronomical instruments and also ran his own printing press. -
1564
Galileo
Galileo: 1564-1642 He was an Italian mathematician, physicist, astronomer, philosopher, and professor. Galileo created a telescope that ended up supporting the Copernican theory (heliocentric). Galileo was also a great writer and wrote many famous books. With further research Galileo developed the law of acceleration. -
1570
Hans Lippershey
Hans Lippershey: 1570-1619 Hans was a Dutch inventor who made spectacles and he was credited with inventing the telescope. By creating the telescope Hans created an answer to the world. With the telescope we have made many for advancements and know much more about the earth we live on. -
1571
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler: 1571-1630 Kepler was a German astronomer and he supported the heliocentric theory. Kepler was raised in a poor family and studied to be a Lutheran minister. Kepler was serving as Tycho Brahe’s assistant until Brahe’s death. Kepler had three children two of which died within months of birth. There was a witch hunt for Kepler’s mother because she was accused of being a witch. -
Giovanni Cassini
Giovanni Cassini: 1625-1712 Cassini was the first to observe Saturn’s moons. In his youth he showed interest in astrology, math, and poetry. As an adult he primarily focused on astronomy and became really involved in the Scientific Revolution during his period. Cassini set up the Paris Observatory with help by Louis XIV of France which opened in 1671. Cassini also discovered the Cassini Division in the rings of Saturn an also shared credit of the discovery of the Great Red Dot. -
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton: 1643-1724 Newton was a Mathematician and Physicist. Newton discovered gravity because an apple fell on his head and he claimed that gravity was what held the moon in orbit. He also discovered the speed of sound waves from the density of air. Newton studied the rainbow created by a glass prism and discovered that light is a mixture of infinitely varied colored rays. -
Difference Between Refracting and Reflecting Telescopes
Refracting and Reflecting Telescopes: 1668 The reflecting telescopes use two mirrors as the refracting telescope uses two lenses. -
William Herschel
William Herschel: 1738-1822 Herschel was born in Germany but is British.He was an astronomer and composer and is credited as the founder of sidereal astronomy observing the heavenly bodies. He founded Uranus and its two moons and also was the first astronomer to state that nebulae are made out of stars. He constructed his own telescope to study the celestial bodies. -
Percival Lowell
Percival Lowell: 1855-1916 After Lowell graduated From Harvard University in 1876 he worked at his family-owned textile company. In 1882 due to a lecture in Japan he was inspired to move far East. Lowell studied about the Canals on Mars. He later then built an observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona to study the Mars surface. Later after Lowell died the lost planet he has been searching for was found by Clyde Tombaugh and named the planet Pluto. Later in 2006 Pluto was classified as a dwarf planet. -
Ejnar Hertzsprung
Ejnar Hertzsprung: 1873-1967 Ejnar was a Danish astronomer that had no formal education in astronomy was studying in technological colleges to become a chemical engineer. Hertzsprung worked in small Danish observatories and he applied photography to the measurement of starlight. He also observed that there was a relationship between a color of a star/sun and their brightness and heat and that there are different sizes of stars -
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein: 1879-1955 He got his diploma in 1901. After he was a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. He later got his doctors degree in 1905. Einstein collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizman in making the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. -
Edwin Hubble
Edwin Hubble: 1889-1953 He was an American astronomer who studied mathematics, philosophy, and astronomy. He created a 100 inch telescope to identify the Cepheid variables which then he identified that they were almost a million light years away and not part of the milky way. -
Karl Jansky
Karl Jansky: 1905-1950 He discovered radio waves from an extraterrestrial source. Jansky worked in the Bell telephone labrotories. -
John Glenn
John Glenn: 1921-2016 He was a former US astronaut He was 77 on his nine day mission in space. He is declared the oldest men ever to venture in space. -
Neil Armstrong
Neil Armstrong: 1930-2012 Was a former US astronaut for NASA. He was involved in the Korean war and after college he joined NASA. He was the command pilot for some missions. Later Armstrong is recognized for the first man on the moon. -
Yuri Gagarin
Yuri Gagarin: 1934-1968 Was the first person to fly in space. His expedition lasted 108 minutes orbiting the world a little more than once. This was during the race against the Russians and US. -
Sputnik
Sputnik: 1957 Launched successfully by the Soviet Union. The size of a soccer ball or beach ball. And was the world´s first space satellite. -
The Apollo Program
The Apollo Program: 1963-1972 Most Apollo missions were meant to land humans on the moons and the rest were usually for orbiting the Earth. These reasons were to bring pictures of space back to Earth and some rock samples from the moon for further research. -
First Space Shuttle Flight
First Space Shuttle Flight: 1981 John Young was one of the astronauts to command the mission. The shuttle was the worlds first reusable shuttle. It was to be launched like a rocket and land like a plane. -
Mars Pathfinder Expedition
Mars Pathfinder Expedition: 1996 It landed on Mars to deliver an instrumented lander. In 1997 it returned with 2.3 billion bits with information Including thousands of images and 15 chemical analyses from soil and rocks from the red planet. -
Cassini Orbiter
Cassini Orbiter: 1997 This orbiter was loaded with high quality cameras and other instruments. It was used to reach Saturn and its moons to collect valuable data. Later it lost contact with the Earth on September 15, 2017 but we still got the valuable data we needed. -
China lands on dark side of moon
China lands on dark side of moon: 2019 China beat the US and the Soviets to this part of the moon. This expedition opened up a new chapter in lunar exploration. This creates more tensions between the US and China
