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Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
-King John was forced to sign this.
1.Protected noble authority
2.rights to land holders
3.Equal treatment under the law
4.Trial by one's peers.
5.limited power of monarchs- no one is above the law. -
Jamestown Colony
-This was the first successful English settlement in North America.
-It was named after King James.
-It was founded in the colony of Virginia. -
The House of Burgess
-The first meeting was held at a church in Jamestown.
-This was the first legislative assembly in the American colonies.
-Thier first order of business was to find a suitable and affordable price for the purchase of tobacco.
-Although the first meeting was cut short by an outbreak of the rapid spreading disease malaris , it became the first symbol of the Represenative government. -
Plymouth colony
-Colony founded by the Pilgrims.
-Their religious sect was puritans.
-Many of the 102 passengers who were aboard the Mayflower died.
-They faced hardship but soon became friends with natives.
-One of the leaders of this was John Carver. -
Mayflower compact
-In basic terms the Mayflower compact was a social contract that indicated if you obliged by the rules of the new government that you in return would have protection.
-This social contract was the foundation of the Plymouth colony.
-Since signing this basically meant that you survived, added to the signifigance of this remarkable document. -
Fundamental orders of Connecticut
-Connecticut is known as the constitution state.
-represents the framework for the first formal governement written by a represenative body in connecticut. -
Mercantilism
-A theory of trade that said you should export more than you imprt and accumulate as much gold to make up for the diffrence.
-This was a reaction to the weakness to guide economics back to strength through the transport of goods. -
Culpeper's Rebellion
-An early uprising in Northern Carolina, caused by propreitary government to enforce the British Navigation acts.
-These trade laws denied the colonists of free market outside of England.
-Led by Culpeper and Durant, the rebels imprisoned Thomas Miller and other officials and created their own legislature where Culpeper was governor. -
The Glorious Revolution
-This started when the throne of James the II was taken from him and giving to his daughter Mary and her husband William.
-Although the name of this event is a "revolution" there was no bloodshed other than James the II falls and gets a bloody nose.
-This lasted until the coming up February.
-The changes that Mary and William made were long lasting. -
English Bill of Rights
-The English Bill of Rights was passed by parliament and signed by William III.
-The English Bill of Rights was established because of King James II's tyranny.
-This marks the end of citizens being subjects and the beginning of the citizens having equal rights. -
Salem Witch Trials
-There were struggles between Salem village and Salem town.
-Farmers resided in the village and were bent on being seperated from Salem town.
-They settled near a church were Revrend Parris presided.
-Parris' daughter and niece came down with an ill ailment and they were diagnosed with being bewitched so they immediately started pointing fingers, and this is what started the trials.
-In the end over 200 people were accused, 17 people died awaiting trial,a nd 19 were hanged. -
The First Great Awakening
-A Christian movement that swept through Europe and British America, and it resulted from preaching that reached personal revelation of their need of salvation by Jesus.
-The Great Awakening made Christianity convicting and punishing. -
Albany Plan of union
-A proposal alimed at a formation of a strong union of the colonies under one single governemnt and directly.
-They formed a commitee that was to carefully consider different plans and proposals.
-This was written by Ben Franklin. -
The French and Indian war
-The British fought against the French and the Native Americans.
-The Native Americans fought against the British in fear of losing their land.
-The war ended in 1759 when British major general James Wolfe captured Quebec.
-Results of this war was the Peace treaty of 1763 declared the British got most of the French North America land and taxes began on water -
Pontiac's Rebellion
-The indidan tribes of the Ohio Valley were shocked and furious by the defeat of their French allies in the French and Indian War.
-When they got word of them being expected to serve loyally to George III they were outraged.
-This meant construction of new forts, and new sett;ers moving to indian land.
-Chief Pontiac led by unhappiness rallied troops and rebelled. -
Proclamation line of 1763
-King George wanted this done.
-The purpose of this was to regulate stable trade, settlement, and land purchases with the natives on the western front.
-This kept the British away from east of the Appalachian Mountains. -
Sugar act of 1764
-Parliament passed the sugar and molasses act of 1764.
-Under this act, it stated that colonial merchants would pay a tax of six pence of foreign molasses.
-The tax also included wines and coffees. -
stamp act
The stamp act was passed by the British parliament on March 22, 1765. All Americans were required to pay taxes on every piece of printed paper they used. This profit went to protecting and defending the American frontier near the Appalachian mountains. -
Virginia Resolves
-In 1765 Parliament passed the stamp act.
-Virginia legislature did actually adopt the fifth and sixth resolves, but the document included all 6 resolves, and it was published so the whole colony was exposed to Henry's ideas, and this document served as a propaganda to the cause. -
Sons of Liberty
-It was a group of artisians, and shopkeepers who were called the loyal nine, began preparing for agitation against the stamp act.
-By the end of the first year they started the sons of liberty that exsisted in every colony. -
Townshend acts
-In 1767, the Parliament passed these acts.
-These acts allowed taxes such as glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea.
-Parliament also reduced the number of British troops in America, but left the burden to the colonies.
-Once again the Massachusetts General Court led a boycott.
-Francis Bernard (the royal governor of Massachusetts) sent secret messages to parliament asking them to send troops to Boston.
-Later 600 soldiers began to patrol the streets of Boston. Colonists still continued to boycott -
Boston Massacre
-On this day, a group of Bostonians having a snowball fight met a small group of British soldiers.
-One soldier being outraged of being hit, fired against his orders to sieze fire.
-Five people were shot and killed.
-This minor massacre was the turning point of the beginning of the Revolutionary war. -
Gaspee incident
-The British assigned ships such as the Gaspee to patrol cargo and search for illegal goods.
-On June 9th 1772 the Gaspee chased a merchant ship to whom they believed was carrying illegal goods.
-The next night, a group led by John Brown jumped aboard the Gaspee and wounded the lieutenant and set the ship on fire.
-The British offered an award for someone to come foward for this crime but since no one did, no one was charged for this offense. -
Tea act
-This act was passed by Parliament to help the East India Company which was burdened with 18 million pounds of tea.
-America saw through this, they thought it was to win over the people since the tea was sold at bargain price.
-NY and PA sent away the ships and this whole ordeal led to the Boston Tea Party. -
Boston Tea Party
-After the Tea Acts, Boston refused to return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain.
- In return the group from Boston jumped aboard the ship and threw the tea into the Boston Harbor.;
-This is an example of resistance from British America to British Parliament. -
Intolerable acts
-This was an important factor to the American Revolution.
-Colonists felt like this underminded their natural rights.
-The intolerable acts included the following: The Boston port act, Massachusetts Government act, Administration of Justice act, The Quartering, and The Quebec acts. -
First Continental Congress
-This was the meeting where represenatives from every colony except Georgia debated their responses to the Intolerable acts.
-Their three objectives were to: compse a statement of Colonial rights, idntify British parliament's violation of those rights, and to probide a plan to restore British rights. -
Edenton Tea Party
-The Edenton Tea Party was one of the earliest organized women's political actions in U.S. history.
-Mrs. Penelope Barker invited 51 women in Edenton, North Carolina.
-Together they developed an alliance wholeheartedly supporting the quote "No taxation without representation." -
Mecklenburg resolves
-A list of statements reputed to have been in Mecklenburg. -
Second continental Congress
-The second Continental Congress gathered in the statehouse in Philadelphia.
-Some of the men attending the event was: Ben Franklin, John Hancock, and Thomas Jefferson.
-This meeting started with the battle of Lexington and Concord.
-Also the New England militia was trying to drive the British out of Boston.
-The second Continental Congress made this militia "the Continental Army" and made George Washington Commander in Chief. -
Committees of Correspondence
-the second continental congress created the committee of correspondence which were shadow governments organized by patriot leaders of the thirteen colonies the day before the Revolution.
-They rallied in opposition of common causes. -
Halifax Resolves
-A Resolution adopted by the fourth Provincial resolution.
-the revolution helped pave the way for July 4th 1776, The Decleration of Independence. -
Declaration of Independance
-On June 11, 1776 the second Continental Congress appointed five men to write a decleraion of Independance against British rule.
-Along these five men were Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Ben Franklin, Robert Livinston, and Roger Sherman.
-They corrected it many times, and then sent it to congress and then it was signed on July 4, 1776 and our nation was born. -
Articles of Confederation
-Written by the Continental Congress during the Revolutionary war.
-Written to give the sense of unified government to the colonists.
-A new governing document was needed in order to become a nation.
-The new articles made the states and legislature supreme. There was no executive branch.
-Judicial functions were very limited.
-The new government was very weak. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
-This treaty was the treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.
-It was signed by Ben Franklin, John Jay, and John Adams.
-The U.S. agreed to allow the British to leave and they would willingly pay all exsisting debts on Great Britain.
-They also agreed not to harm loyalists who remained in the U.S. and let all the people who left return. -
Land Ordinance of 1785
-An ordinance was adopted which laid the foundations for American land policies, until the homestead act.
-After the Indian title was bought the land was reserved for public schools. -
shays rebellion
-This movement was by New England farmers to be payed for their services during the Revolutionary War.
-Farmer Daniel Shays led this group.
-Demonstrators and rioters protested against high taxes, the governors high paychecks, and high court costs.
-All together 4 men were killed and over 20 were wounded.
-John Hancock got elected governor and calmed everything down. -
Land Ordinance of 1787
-In 1787, an ordinance based on earlier recommendations from Thomas Jefferson was enacted. The Northwest ordinance indicated the western lands north of the Ohio river, and east of the Mississippi river would settle and become states. -
Federalists/ Anti federalist papers
-in 1787, opposition arose about the Federalist papers.
-These arguments against ratification appeared in various forms, and authors.
-They contain dangers of tyranny that weaknesses in the proposed constitution did not adequately provide against. -
Constitutional Cnvention
-Held in the state house in Philadelphia.
-Every state besides Rhode Island attended, Rhode Island feared they would lose rights.
-The delegates worked for four months in secret to come up with the constitution.
-50 delegates from 12 colonies were selected.
-This required they were men, educated, patriotic, and in between the ages of 40 and 81.
-This group was called "the founding fathers" -
Whiskey Rebellion
-In 1791, farmers angered by the taxes on whiskey engaged in attacks on excise agents.
-The tariff effectively eliminated any profit by the farmers from the sale of important cash crops.
-The attacks consisted of burning of homes, farms, and out buildings.
