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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
German writer and statesmen, influential on many Romantic composers. -
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Ludwig van Beethoven
The transitional figure from the Classical to the Romantic style. -
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Klemenz Wenzel von Metternich
Chancellor of Austria, instrumental in shaping social activities. -
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E.T.A. Hoffman
Published in a music journal that reviewed new music and composers: Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung. -
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The French Revolution
The “common” people saw themselves as empowered to break free from oppression. -
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Gioacchino Rossini
The most important opera composer in the early 19th century. -
Paris Conservaotrie
Founded as a state institution for the training of musicians. -
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Franz Schubert
Composer in all genres with over 600 lieder. -
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Gaetano Donizetti
Itialian opera composer. -
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Hector Berlioz
One of the most important early innovators of new orchestration and genres. -
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Felix Mendelssohn
Composer of most genres, revived of J.S. Bach’s music in Leipzig. -
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Frédéric Chopin
Composer and the most delicate pianist of his time. -
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Franz Liszt
Piano virtuoso, writer, conductor, composer, innovator, supporter of Wagner. -
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Richard Wagner
German composer who changed music with his innovations. -
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Giuseppe Verdi
The most important Italian composer in the mid to late 19th century. -
Erlkönig
Lieder composed by Schubert, based on the legend that whoever is touched by the king of the elves must die. -
Ophicleide
Keyed brass instrument similar in range to a trombone. -
The Carlsbad Decrees
placed severe limits on freedom of expression by individuals and institutions such as Universities and presses. -
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Bedrich Smetana
Bohemian nationalist composer. -
Symphonie Fantastique
A program symphony in 5 movements composed by Berlioz. -
Rigoletto
Opera composed by Verdi based on Victor Hugo's play "The King is Amused". -
Le banjo: Fantasie grotesque
Character piece for piano composed by Louis Moreau Gottschalk that depicts banjo strumming and picking. -
Má Vlast
Tone poem composed by Smetana.