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Marbury v. Madison
Marbury was denied appointment as a Justice of the Peace and sued. Court set up the power of judicial review. -
McCulloh v. Maryland
State of Maryland limited powers of the Federal Government could not tax -
Gibbons v. Ogden
Lawsuit for Steamboat -
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Unsuccessfully sued in the Missouri Court for freedoms. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
enacted a law that required seperate railways cars for blacks and whites. -
Lochner v. New York
New York Labor Law required employees to work no more than 60 hours. -
Scheneck v. United States
Socialists Party of America and was responsible for printing, distributing, and mailing to prospective military draftees during WW1 -
Gitlow v. New York
Ruled the 14th amendment to the U.S. Constitution extended reach of certain limitations on Federal Government and the set for the 1st amendment -
Brown v. Board of Education
Racial segregation in public education has a detrimental effect on minority children because it is interpreted as a sign of inferiority -
Mapp v. Ohio
The Court brushed aside the First Amendment issue and declared that "all evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution is, by [the Fourth Amendment], inadmissible in a state court." -
Gideon v. Wainright
Gideon was charged in a Florida state court with a felony for breaking and entering. He lacked funds and was unable to hire a lawyer to prepare his defense. When he requested the court to appoint an attorney for him, the court refused, stating that it was only obligated to appoint counsel to indigent defendants in capital cases. Gideon defended himself in the trial; he was convicted by a jury and the court sentenced him to five years in a state prison. -
Abington School District v. Schempp
The required activities encroached on both the Free Exercise Clause and the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment since the readings and recitations were essentially religious ceremonies and were "intended by the State to be so." Furthermore, argued Justice Clark, the ability of a parent to excuse a child from these ceremonies by a written note was irrelevant since it did not prevent the school's actions from violating the Establishment Clause. -
Griswold v. Connecticut
Both she and the Medical Director for the League gave information, instruction, and other medical advice to married couples concerning birth control. Griswold and her colleague were convicted under a Connecticut law, which criminalized the provision of counseling, and other medical treatment, to married persons for purposes of preventing conception. -
Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
Harper tried to register to vote in Virginia, but the Elections Board required her to pay a poll tax. -
Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda was arrested at his home and taken in custody to a police station where he was identified by the complaining witness. He was then interrogated by two police officers for two hours, which resulted in a signed, written confession. At trial, the oral and written confessions were presented to the jury. Miranda was found guilty of kidnaping and rape and was sentenced to 20-30 years imprisonment on each count. On appeal, the Supreme Court of Arizona held that Miranda’s constitutional right -
Tinker v. Des Moines
they wore armbands after the principle said if any student is caught wearing any armbands they would be asked to them off or face suspension. Tinker and his siblings didn't take them off after being asked to so they were suspended until after New Years Day. -
Roe v. Wade
The Court held that a woman's right to an abortion fell within the right to privacy (recognized in Griswold v. Connecticut) protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision gave a woman total autonomy over the pregnancy during the first trimester and defined different levels of state interest for the second and third trimesters. As a result, the laws of 46 states were affected by the Court's ruling. -
United States v. Nixon
A grand jury returned indictments against seven of President Richard Nixon's closest aides in the Watergate affair. The special prosecutor appointed by Nixon and the defendants sought audio tapes of conversations recorded by Nixon in the Oval Office. Nixon asserted that he was immune from the subpoena claiming "executive privilege," which is the right to withhold information from other government branches to preserve confidential communications within the executive branch or to secure the nation -
Regents of Univ. of California v. Bakke
Allan Bakke, a thirty-five-year-old white man, had twice applied for admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis. He was rejected both times. The school reserved sixteen places in each entering class of one hundred for "qualified" minorities, as part of the university's affirmative action program, in an effort to redress longstanding, unfair minority exclusions from the medical profession. -
Texas v. Johnson
A conviction for burning the United States flag based on a Texas law was overturned after the Supreme Court of the United States (Supreme Court) found that the Texas law was unconstitutional.
