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  Hounds & Jacks
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  Used dice to play games as a distraction
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  Luca Pacioli
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  Girolamo Cardano
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  John Graunt
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  Edmund Halley - annuities
Abraham Demoivre - Doctrine of Chances - 
  
  William Petty
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  Blaise Pascal & Pierre de Fermet
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  "On Reasoning in Games of Chance" by Huygens
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  Daniel Bernoulli
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  Jakob Bernoulli
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  Pierre Simon de LaPlace & Theory of Continuous Probability
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  Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet
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  Gregor Mendel
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  Francis Galton
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  Karl Pearson
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  Andrey Markov
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  Norbert Wiener