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Gustav Mahler
An Austrian composer who created orchestral works that represented maximalism. He composed 10 large programmatic symphonies and an orchestral Lieder. He was a conductor in the Europe and the USA. He composed Lieder, symphonies, 5 orchestral song cycles, and chamber music. -
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Hugo Wolf
Austrian composer that mostly wrote Lieder. He was influenced by Wagner. He created 250 Lieder and 1 opera. -
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Isaac Albeniz
Spanish composer and pianist who was very important to Spain. He composed piano and dramatic work, orchestral works, and songs. -
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Claude Debussy
French composer and pianist who invented musical impressionism. He was an influential modern composer who created piano works, chamber music, tone poems, stage works, and songs. -
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Frederick Delius
English composer that used impressionism. He created stage works, choral and chamber music, orchestral music, and songs. -
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Pietro Mascagni
Italian composer and conductor that became the official composer of the Fascist regime in the 1930's. He composed operas, songs, other vocal and instrumental works. -
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Richard Strauss
Strauss was a composer of tone poems and some of the first modern operas. He was an accomplishing conductor and was a prime example of maximalism. He wrote symphonic poems, 150 Lieder, orchestral works, chamber music, piano works, 15 operas, writings, and other stage works. -
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Paul Dukas
French composer, teacher, and critic who only published a few of his works. Those works included: orchestral pieces, choral, piano, and vocal works. -
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Carl Nielson
Danish composer who was important to the history of Scandinavian music. He composed symphonies, operas, piano works, concertos, chamber music, and songs. -
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Erik Satie
Satie was not an impressionist, but was a leader in new French aesthetics that impressionism was built on. This incredible innovator created dramatic works, piano works, songs, and writings. -
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Ferruccio Busoni
Italian composer that advocated moving on from the "tyranny of major and minor keys". However, his music sounded more conservative. He composed 6 stage works, vocal-orchestral works, piano works, songs, orchestral works, chamber music, and writings. -
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Scott Joplin
American composer that popularized ragtime. He created ragtime, 1 opera, waltzes, and marches. -
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Enrique Granados
Catalan composer who represented 19th century Spanish composers. He composed piano music and stage works. -
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Amy Marcy Cheney Beach
American composer and pianist that was very successful in Europe. She had a conservative style and wrote scholarly articles. She composed 1 opera, vocal-orchestral works, keyboard works, choral works, chamber music, and 130 songs. -
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Alexander von Zemlinsky
Austrian composer and teacher who briefly instructed Arnold Schoenberg. -
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Aleksandr Skryabin
Russian composer that was influenced by chromaticism and impressionism. This virtuoso pianist composed tone poems, piano works, symphonies, and writings. -
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Max Reger
German composer who was a master of counterpoint. He created choral music, symphonic poems, piano works, chamber music, editions, and writings. -
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Arnold Schoenberg
The father of 12- tone music that taught Webern and Berg. He composed operas, symphonies, chamber and choral music, canons, piano works, songs, and writings. -
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Gustav Holst
English composer that was influenced by folksong and Hindu mysticism. He created orchestral works, choral and chamber works, songs, and stage works. -
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Charles Ives
American composer who was the most innovative of all the 20th century. He worked virtually in isolation and made a living in insurance. Ives composed songs, piano works, orchestral sets and other works, choral music, band music, symphonies, writings, and chamber music. -
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Franz Schmidt
Franz Schmidt was an Austro-Hungarian composer, cellist, and pianist. His works were influenced by Johannes Brahms. -
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Maurice Ravel
French composer that was extremely versatile that innovated pianistic styles. This expert orchestrator created operas, ballets, vocal, orchestral, and piano works. -
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Mykola Leontovych
Ukranian teacher, composer, and conductor who is known for composing the music to the popular Christmas carol "Carol of the Bells." -
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Alma Mahler
Austrian composer, author, editor, and wife of another Post-Romantic composer, Gustav Mahler. She composed mainly works for voice and piano. -
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Frank Bridge
English composer, composer, and violinist whose most famous works are "Oration" and "The Sea." -
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Ottorino Respighi
Italian composer, violinist, and teacher. His works include mainly operas, ballets, and pieces for orchestra. -
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Nadia Boulanger
Important teacher that taught the most prominent American composers of the first half of the 20th century. She was a conductor and composer. -
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Louis Durey
A communist that is not talked about much in music history. However, he composed stage works, chamber music, piano works, orchestral works, and film scores. -
Carnegie Hall
This famous performance hall is named after Andrew Carnegie, one of the biggest names in American industrialization and the steel industry. One of the richest people in America at the time, he funded the construction of this hall, and it was opened in 1891. -
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Ragtime
This style of music earned its name by the "ragged" or syncopated rhythms it utilized. Typically, it was composed for piano and used a syncopated right hand melody with a straight, steady left hand accompaniment. The introduction of this movement sparked piano sales and became a trend in America. -
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Undisguised Avant-Garde Style
A style of music which Erik Satie and Gabriel Fauré used. It was characterized by music opposing Romantic style in an attempt to differ from the norm. -
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Neo-Classicism
This movement was characterized by a return to ideas and styles from the Baroque and Classical eras. The ideas were kickstarted with a revival of Bach's music and Stravinsky's "Octet for Winds." -
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Primitivism
This Western movement was characterized by a use of ideas and themes that were not Western as subjects for art. Stravinsky's "Rite of Spring" is an example of this style of composition. -
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World War I
This famous war featured two groups: the Central Powers, which consisted of Germany, Austria, and their allies, and the Allied Powers, which consisted of Great Britain, Russia, Italy, France, and their allies. -
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Dadaism
Dadaism was a movement in which artists opposed war in Europe. They accomplished this by creating art that incited nonsense or anti-art ideas instead of the current societal standard. -
12-Tone Technique
Arnold Schoenberg created the 12-tone technique, in which each of the 12 pitches are organized into "rows" and manipulated to form a very systematic technique for composing.