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384 BCE
Aristotle
384-322 BC
Aristotle was an Ancient Greek philosopher. He is still considered one of the greatest thinkers in politics, psychology, and ethnics. He had wrote an estimated amount of 200 works, they consist of dialogues, records of scientific observations, and systematic works. His work has influenced ideas all the way through the Renaissance. -
100
Ptolemy
100-168 AD
Ptolemy was an ancient astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He is known to be one of the most influential Greek astronomers and geographers of his time. He had considered Earth to be the center of the universe. One of Ptolemy's most important works had been the Almagest, is also one of the scientific texts that has been used the longest. -
1473
Copernicus
1473-1543
Copernicus is known to be a mathematician and astronomer. He proposed that the Sun was stationed in the center of the universe and that the Earth revolved around it. He had developed his own visual celestial model of heliocentric planetary system, as did Ptolemy. He believed that the size and speed of each planet had determined the distance it was from the Sun. -
1546
Tycho Brahe
1546-1601
Tycho Brahe was a Danish astronomer and scientist. He had found that some of Copernicus' work had been invalid and devoted his life to correcting the errors. Brahe had spent the majority of his lifetime observing the solar system and had corrected the positions of more than 770 stars. What he had accomplished then, is still known to be remarkable today. -
1564
Galileo
1564-1642
Galileo was an Italian known as an astronomer, physicist, engineer, mathematician, and professor. He constructed the telescope to help further look into the universe. Galileo was the first to see 4 of Jupiter's moons. Galileo wrote numerous amounts of books to help further explain and state his ideas. He contributed to help us further understand the universe by not only his discoveries, but also with the various numbers of methods he developed. -
1570
Hans Lippershey
1570-1619
Hans Lippershey was a German-Dutch eyeglass maker. He is often associated with the telescope because he was the first to attempt to obtain a patent on it. Although, it is not known whether he was officially the first to build the telescope. -
1571
Johannes Kepler
1571-1630
Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer. He taught arithmetic, geometry, Virgil, and rhetoric for 6 years. Arithmetic is apart of the mathematics branch, that deals with properties and the manipulation of numbers. In 1597, he published his first important work, called The Cosmographic Mystery, in which he argued that the distance of the planets from the Sun from the Copernican system were determined by the 5 regular solids. -
Giovanni Cassini
1625-1712
Giovanni Cassini was an astronomer and scientist, who made numerous amounts of important discoveries. Some of his discoveries include four of Saturn's moons and the makeup of Saturn's rings. -
Sir Isaac Newton
1643-1724
Sir Isaac Newton was an English astronomer, scientist, physicist, philosopher, and mathematician. He developed the principles of modern physics, including the laws of motion. He is credited to have had one of the greatest minds of the 17th century. He has made discoveries in optics, motion and mathematics. Newton invented the reflecting telescope, using it to help his theory of light and color. -
Difference between refracting and reflecting telescopes
A refracting telescope is a telescope that uses a converging lens to collect the light. A reflecting telescope is a telescope that uses a converging lens to collect the light. The difference between the two is that a reflecting telescope uses two mirror, as opposed to a refracting telescope, which uses two lights. -
William Herschel
1738-1822
William Herschel was a German-born British astronomer and composer. He is also known to be astronomer Caroline Herschel's brother. Herschel's first major discovery was him discovering Mars and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation. What made him known was discovering Uranus. It then known as Georgium Sidum, named after King George III. He became interested in the Sun and made theories about sunspots opening in the Sun's luminous atmosphere. -
Percival Lowell
1855-1916
Percival Lowell was a scientist, astronomer, author, and mathematician. He is most known for creating speculations about life on Earth. It was found in his observatory that the name and symbol of Pluto was based off of his initials. -
Ejnar Hertzsprung
1873-1967
Ejnar Hertzsprung was a Danish chemist and astronomer. He worked with Henry Russell, and together they created the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a 2-D graph that plots the absolute magnitude of stars against the spectral types. -
Albert Einstein
1879-1955
Albert Einstein is a German-born physicist, mathematician, and scientist. He won a Nobel Prize for physics on his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Einstein has made many discoveries yet his most known discovery is the theory of relativity and the equation E=MC2, which suggested the development of atomic power and the atomic bomb. -
Edwin Hubble
1889-1953
Edwin Hubble was a scientist and astronomer. He revolutionized the field of astrophysics. He created a classification system for galaxies and the research he discovered helped prove that the universe was expanding. -
Karl Jansky
1905-1950
Karl Jansky was an American physicist and radio engineer. He is considered one of the founding figures of radio astronomy, although he is not known or considered to be an astronomer. Jansky built a rotating antenna to get all-sky coverage at a chosen frequency, known as the Jansky Merry-go-round, that discovered the first known radio waves emitting from the center of the milky way. -
John Glenn 1962
1921-2016
John Glenn was an American Marine Corps aviator, engineer, astronaut, businessman, pilot, and politician. In 1962, He traveled through space, he orbited a total of three times. Glenn is known to be the first American to travel through space. -
Neil Armstrong 1969
1930-2012
Neil Armstrong was an American astronaut, military pilot, explorer, naval aviator, university professor, and aeronautical engineer. He joined the astronaut program in 1962 and was named the command pilot for the Gemini VIII. In 1969, he made history by becoming the first man to ever step foot on the moon. Armstrong was the spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, also known as the first manned lunar mission. -
Yuri Gagarin
1934-1968
Yuri Gagarin was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut. He became known to the world as the first man to travel to outer space, when his Vostok spacecraft made a complete orbit around Earth in 1961. Gagarin's escapade earned him the Order of Lenin award and he was given the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and Pilot Cosmonaut of the Soviet Union. -
Sputnik
1957
Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched on October 4, 1957, at 7:28 PM. The launched surprised many with how small it was, it was the size of a beachball and was only 183.9 pounds. The success of the launch also shocked experts and individuals, wanting the US to be the first to make an advancement. The Sputnik 1 made a total of 1440 orbits around the Earth during its time. -
The Apollo Program
1963-1972
The Apollo Program, also referred to as Project Apollo, was the third US human spaceflight program run by NASA. It succeeded in landing and having the first humans walk on the moon. -
1981 First Space Shuttle Flight
1981
The first space shuttle flight, also known as STS-1 spacecraft Colombia, occurred on April 12, 1981. The mission lasted 54.5 hours, 2 days, and orbited the Earth 36 times. The crew consisted of mission commander- John W. Young and pilot Robert L. Crippen. -
1996 Mars Pathfinder Expedition
1996
The Mars Pathfinder Expedition was launched on December 4, 1996. The Rover, Sojourner, landed on Mars' Ares Vallis on July 4, 1997. It was designed to demonstrate a new technological way to deliver an instrumented lander and the first-ever robotic rover to the surface on the face of the red planet. -
1997 Cassini Orbiter
1997
The Cassini Orbiter mission, also known as the Cassini–Huygens mission, was a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Italian Space Agency. The mission was launched on October 15, 1997. The purpose of the mission itself was to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites. -
Bedin 1
January 31, 2019
The Bedin 1 is a new galaxy that accidentally discovered on January 31, 2019. The new galaxy is considered to be a dwarf galaxy because it is thought to be only around 3,000 light-years. It was discovered when astronomer were using the Hubble Space Telescope to photograph the globular star cluster.
