period 9

  • The National Rifle Association of America (NRA)

    The National Rifle Association of America (NRA)

    American nonprofit organization that advocates for gun rights
  • Trickle-Down Economics

    Trickle-Down Economics

    laissez-faire capitalism in general and more specifically supply-economic policies which favor the wealthy or privileged, while being framed as good for the average citizen.
  • PLO

    PLO

    A political movement uniting Palestinian Arabs in an effort to create an independent state of Palestine
  • William Rehnquist

    William Rehnquist

    American lawyer and jurist who served on the Supreme Court of the United States for 33 years, first as an Associate Justice
  • California v. Bakke

    California v. Bakke

    It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.
  • Moral Majority

    Moral Majority

    Conservative and religious agenda, including the allowance of prayer in schools and strict laws against abortion.
  • Supply-side economics

    Supply-side economics

    macroeconomic theory which argues that economic growth can be most effectively created by investing in capital, and by lowering barriers on the production of goods and services
  • Economic Recovery Tax Act

    Economic Recovery Tax Act

    Businesses were aided by capital recovery through depreciation rules, an increased amount of retained earnings not subject to taxation
  • Sandra Day O'Connor

    Sandra Day O'Connor

    First female to be elected Supreme court Justice
  • PATCO Strike

    PATCO Strike

    Reagan Forcefully made Air controllers get back to work after dissembling the union
  • Walter Mondale

    Walter Mondale

    American politician, diplomat and lawyer who served as the 42nd Vice President of the United States
  • AIDs

    AIDs

    A deadly outbreak of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
  • Ronald Reagan

    Ronald Reagan

    American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States
  • Religious Fundamentalism

    Religious Fundamentalism

    Movement whose objectives were to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy where every word of the bible is interpreted literally.
  • Saddam Hussein

    Saddam Hussein

    Although initially supported by the U.S. to fight Iran, his invasion of Kuwait made him a prime enemy of America
  • Boland Amendment

    Boland Amendment

    three U.S. legislative amendments aimed at limiting U.S. government assistance to the Contras in Nicaragua.
  • SDI

    SDI

    Reagan's intent to pursue a high technology missile defense system which was referred to as SDI or Star Wars
  • Beirut Bombing

    Beirut Bombing

    Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the bombings and said that the attacks were to get the MNF out of Lebanon.
  • Geraldine Ferraro

    Geraldine Ferraro

    First female vice presidential candidate representing a major American political party
  • Sandinistas

    Sandinistas

    Members of a leftist coalition that overthrew the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasia Somoza and attempted to install a socialist economy
  • Iran-Contra Affair

    Iran-Contra Affair

    Senior administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, which was the subject of an arms embargo
  • Glasnost & Perestroika

    Glasnost & Perestroika

    Refers to the reconstruction of the political and economic system established by the Communist Party.
  • Mikhail Gorbachev

    Mikhail Gorbachev

    Mikhail Gorbachev,a Russian and former Soviet politician, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party
  • Immigration Act of 1986

    Immigration Act of 1986

    Made it illegal to knowingly hire or recruit illegal immigrants, as well as legalizing certain groups of immigrants.
  • "Tear down this wall"

    "Tear down this wall"

    a line from a speech made by US President Ronald Reagan in West Berlin to open up the barrier which had divided West and East Berlin
  • INF Agreement

    INF Agreement

    The Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles.
  • "Read my lips, no new taxes."

    "Read my lips, no new taxes."

    Bush appealed to voters by promising not to raise taxes: "Read my lips, no new taxes."
  • Fall of the Berlin Wall

    Fall of the Berlin Wall

    The spokesman for East Berlin's Communist Party announced a change in his city's relations with the West.
  • Tiananmen Square

    Tiananmen Square

    After several weeks of demonstrations, Chinese troops entered Tiananmen Square on June 4 and fired on civilians
  • George H.W. Bush

    George H.W. Bush

    American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States
  • Panama Invasion

    Panama Invasion

    Ten years after the Torrijos–Carter Treaties were ratified to transfer control of the Panama Canal from the U.S. to Panama
  • Americans with Disabilities Act

    Americans with Disabilities Act

    Prohibited discrimination against citizens with physical and mental disabilities in hiring, transportation, and public accommodation.
  • Persian Gulf War

    Persian Gulf War

    A war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait
  • Lech Walesa

    Lech Walesa

    A Polish politician, a former trade union and human rights activist, and also a former electrician. He co-founded Solidarity, the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize
  • WMD's

    WMD's

    United States would be justified in using preemptive attacks to stop the acquisition and use of weapons of mass destruction by terrorists and by nations that support terrorism.
  • Clarence Thomas

    Clarence Thomas

    President's nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court to replace the retiring Thurgood Marshall proved extremely controversial
  • Start I and II

    Start I and II

    Bilateral treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms.
  • Boris Yeltsin

    Boris Yeltsin

    Was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation
  • Breakup of the Soviet Union

    Breakup of the Soviet Union

    Dissolution of the Soviet Union into 15 independent republics, Conclusion of the Cold War
  • Ross Perot

    Ross Perot

    He was a Texas billionaire, and he entered the 1992 election as an independent; he captured about 20% of the popular vote.
  • Bill Clinton

    Bill Clinton

    Clinton won the Election of 1992 against Bush.
  • Kyoto Accord

    Kyoto Accord

    This commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emission
  • "Ethnic Cleansing"

    "Ethnic Cleansing"

    Hundreds of thousands of members of ethnic and religious minorities were killed in this process.
  • Yasser Arafat

    Yasser Arafat

    Clinton presided over a historic meeting at the White House between Israeli and Palestine leader Yasir. They agreed in principle on self-rule for the Palestinians within Israel.
  • Brady Bill

    Brady Bill

    This bill mandated a five-day waiting period for the purchase of handguns.
  • Failure of Health Reforms

    Failure of Health Reforms

    The Clinton administration proposed a universal healthcare plan for all American citizens, but it failed after public backlash
  • NAFTA

    NAFTA

    Clinton signed in the North American Free Trade Agreement, which created a free-trade zone with Canada and Mexico.
  • WTO

    WTO

    The World Trade Organization was established to oversee trade agreements, enforce trade rules, and settle disputes
  • Deficit Reduction Budget

    Deficit Reduction Budget

    Congress passed the deficit-reduction budget that included $255 billion in spending cuts and $241 billion in tax increases.
  • "Don't ask, don't tell."

    "Don't ask, don't tell."

    The military service policy prevented service members from both asking and disclosing sexual orientation.
  • West Bank and the Gaza Strip

    West Bank and the Gaza Strip

    The United States assist in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process, resulted in the return of home rule to the Palestinians in the Gaza strip and parts of the West Bank territories.
  • Contract with America

    Contract with America

    This document was released by the Republican Party during the 1994 Congressional election campaign.
  • Newt Gingrich

    Newt Gingrich

    He led the Republicans in an attack on federal programs and spending outlined in their campaign manifesto.
  • Bosnia and Kosovo

    Bosnia and Kosovo

    A combination of diplomacy, bombing, and troops from NATO countries, including the United States, stopped the bloodshed first in Bosnia
  • The Oklahoma City bombing

    The Oklahoma City bombing

    A domestic terrorist truck bombing on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City
  • Bob Dole

    Bob Dole

    Senator Bob Dole of Kansas became Clinton's republican opponent in the election of 1996.
  • Welfare Reform

    Welfare Reform

    Designed to negate the need for welfare checks by assisting needy families, families with dependent children, and by providing job training.
  • Madeleine Albright

    Madeleine Albright

    She became the first woman to serve as secretary of state.
  • G-8

    G-8

    This inter-governmental political forum was formed with Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union
  • Internet

    Internet

    Technological innovations in computers, the Internet, and wireless communications fueled increased national productivity.
  • Nuclear Proliferation

    Nuclear Proliferation

    This became a growing concern, when North Korea stepped up its nuclear reactor and missile programs, and India and Pakistan tested nuclear weapons for the first time
  • Clinton Impeachment

    Clinton Impeachment

    He was charged with perjury and obstruction of justice, and he was impeached.
  • Taliban

    Taliban

    The Taliban were Islamic fundamentalists who had taken over Afghanistan.
  • Bush vs. Gore

    Bush vs. Gore

    Bush "compassionate conservative" Gore "working families", he one with a very close match up
  • George W. Bush

    George W. Bush

    He was the governor of Texas, and he won the nomination of the Republican Party
  • AL Gore

    AL Gore

    He ended the election crisis by accepting the ruling; Bush had 271 electoral votes and Al Gore had 266.
  • Bush tax cuts

    Bush tax cuts

    criticized for giving benefits to richest 5%
  • Homeland Security

    Homeland Security

    Most Americans were willing to accept background checks and airport searches after 9/11.
  • 9/11

    9/11

    This was a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on the United States.
  • Osama bin Laden

    Osama bin Laden

    Was the leader of Al Qaeda.
  • Al-Qaeda

    Al-Qaeda

    Supporters of Al Qaeda preached jihad, or holy war against the "Jews and Crusaders".
  • Enron

    Enron

    They falsified stated earnings and profits with the help of accounting companies.
  • No Child Left Behind

    No Child Left Behind

    This act aimed to improve student performance and close the gap between well-to-do and poor students in the public schools through nationwide testing of all students
  • "Axis of Evil"

    "Axis of Evil"

    In President Bush's State of the Union Address, he singled out Iraq, North Korea, and Iran as the "axis of evil".
  • EU

    EU

    The European Union became a unified market of 15 nations, 12 of which adopted a single currency, the euro.
  • Operation Iraqi Freedom

    Operation Iraqi Freedom

    The Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict that began with the invasion of Iraq by a United States-led coalition that overthrew the government of Hussein.
  • Abu Ghraib Prison

    Abu Ghraib Prison

    The barbaric treatment of prisoners by United States troops further diminished America's reputation in Iraq and around the world.
  • John Kerry

    John Kerry

    Democratic voters selected Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts as their presidential candidate.
  • Housing Bubble

    Housing Bubble

    This was a real estate bubble that affected half of the United States, and housing prices peaked.
  • Great Recession

    Great Recession

    This economic recession was the worst recession since the Great Depression and was particularly devastating to the real-estate market.
  • Sarah Palin

    Sarah Palin

    Republican vice-presidential candidate, the second woman to run for vice president of a major party and the first Republican
  • D.C. v. Heller

    D.C. v. Heller

    Held that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia for traditionally lawful purposes
  • John McCain

    John McCain

    The Republicans nominated Senator John McCain of Arizona, who was a Vietnam War hero and a political "maverick" who hoped to appeal to undecided voters.
  • Hillary Clinton

    Hillary Clinton

    In the election of 2008, she was the Senator of New York, and she was the early favorite to become the first woman to head a national ticket.
  • Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

    Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

    The federal government tried a $170 billion stimulus package and took over a few critical financial situations
  • Barack Obama

    Barack Obama

    He was a junior senator from Illinois, and he captured the Democratic nomination for president.
  • Tea Party

    Tea Party

    Members of the movement have called for a reduction of the national debt of the United States and federal budget deficit by reducing government spending, and for lower taxes.
  • Sonia Sotomayor

    Sonia Sotomayor

    An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. She has the distinction of being its first justice of Hispanic descent and the first Latina
  • Arab Spring

    Arab Spring

    A revolutionary wave of both violent and non-violent demonstrations, protests, riots, coups, foreign interventions, and civil wars in North Africa and the Middle East.
  • Affordable Care Act

    Affordable Care Act

    The law has 3 primary goals: Support innovative medical care delivery methods designed to lower the costs of health care generally.
  • Citizens United

    Citizens United

    A landmark U.S. constitutional law, campaign finance, and corporate law case dealing with regulation of political campaign spending by organizations.
  • Dodd-Frank Act

    Dodd-Frank Act

    It made changes in the American financial regulatory environment that affected all federal financial regulatory agencies and almost every part of the nation's financial services industry.
  • Syrian Civil War

    Syrian Civil War

    An ongoing multi-sided armed conflict in Syria fought primarily between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by President Bashar al-Assad.
  • Mitt Romney

    Mitt Romney

    An American businessman and politician who served as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts and was the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States
  • Debt Ceiling

    Debt Ceiling

    Limitation set on the amount of money the government is able to borrow
  • Shelby County v. Holder

    Shelby County v. Holder

    Requires certain states and local governments to obtain federal preclearance before implementing any changes to their voting laws or practices.
  • Boston Marathon Bombing

    Boston Marathon Bombing

    Two homemade bombs detonated near the finish line of the annual Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring several hundred others, including 16 who lost limbs.
  • Same-Sex Marriage

    Same-Sex Marriage

    Held that the right of same-sex couples to marry on the same terms and conditions as opposite-sex couples