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The religion has been around for hundreds of years, but came into the mainstream (was created, somewhat shamelessly, by Bobby Henderson in 2005) during an argument with the Kansas school board around the nature of intelligent design and religious teachings in school.
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The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster is the official text of the religion, and is largely a parody piece drawing to attention not only the humor and vague nature of the religion, but also the legitimate right to support a religion for the sake of parody and parody alone. It is not a serious religion, and it is made to not be serious. this laid the groundwork and gave order to the religion, which is now set in stone with clear canon.
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it is the official headgear after all
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Its really real, and a judge and court had to sit through those proceedings
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in New Zealand, which has a high Pastafarian populace
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This is not verifiable to my ability, but a lot of images and the general consensus seems to be that most places in the united states, as well as many other countries around the world (through Europe and Oceania mainly) this is accepted as a valid religion by law and shows up on a number of verified religion lists. There are public prayer areas throughout Germany and mass is held on Friday nights at many a bar around the world. indeed his noodly appendages touch us all in one way or another.