Old Testament Timeline

Creation: Opinions Vary From 3.5 Billion Years Ago-4000 BC: Genesis 1:1-2:3

4000 BCE

*God created the universe from nothing & without assistance
*Creation declared 'good'
*Humanity created in God's image & for relationship with Him
*Contrast with Ancient Near Easter Creation accounts: typically humanity created as a slave force for the gods (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 55).

From Adam to Noah: Genesis 5:1-32

Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE

Record of Adam’s line: Seth, Enosh, Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared, Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech, Noah, Shem/Ham/Japheth

Adam & Eve in the Garden of Eden: Opinions Vary From 300,000 Years Ago To 3900 BC: Genesis 2:4-25

3900 BCE

*Description of the Garden: Rivers of Pishon (in land of Havilah), Gihon (in land of Cush), Tigris (East side of Asher), Euphrates
*Creation unblemished by sin
*Intimate relationship between God & humanity

The Fall: Opinions Vary From 300,000 years ago to 3900 BC: Genesis 3:1-24

3850 BCE

*Moral failure of humankind
*Role of Satan 'the deceiver' in the fall of humanity
*Loss of innocence and introduction of shame & guilt
*Loss of continuous access to God's presence
*Consequence of pain, disease, death

Cain & Abel: Opinions Vary From 300,000 years ago to 3800 BC: Genesis 4:1-26

3800 BCE

Cain murders Abel: sin moves from thought to action (Genesis 4:7)

The Flood: Genesis 6:1-8:22

2500 BCE

God rescues Noah & his family from judgement (the flood)

The Shemites: Genesis 11:10-32

Period: 2500 BCE to 2000 BCE

*shift from a message of sin & failure to hope (through the line of Shem/Terah/Abram)

God's covenant with Noah: Genesis 9:1-29

2499 BCE

*God promises to never again flood the earth.
*God re-emphasizes the sanctity of human life (& commands His people not to eat meat with blood in it).
*God re-emphasizes His command to "be fruitful."
*Ham dishonours his father and is cursed by him.

Table of Nations: Genesis 10:1-32

2400 BCE

*Classified the nations of the world under Noah’s sons (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 59)
*Japeth (Japhethites): inhabited mostly the Mediterranean Islands & Asia Minor (pg. 59)
*Ham: Cush (Nimrod-Babylon, Assyria, Ninevah), Egypt (e.g. Kasluhites: Philistines), Put & Canaan (e.g. Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites). Hostile relationships with Israel.
*Shem (Semites): line through which God addressed the sin problem (pg. 59).

Tower of Babel: Genesis 11

2250 BCE

*People build a tower to 'make a name for themselves.'
*Ancient Mesopotamian temple complexes had stepped towers (ziggurats) e.g. in Babylon (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 59)
*A reflection of pride & rebellion against God
*God brings confusion of speech & the dispersion of humanity.

Call of Abraham: Genesis 12:1-9 (Middle Bronze Age)

2090 BCE

*Abram's father (Terah), from Ur of the Chaldeans, settles in Haran (modern Syria).
*God calls Abram to travel to a land He will show him.
*God promises land & descendants, and that "all the people on Earth will be blessed through (him)."

Abram Visits Egypt

2089 BCE

*Abram pretends Sarai is his sister and brings trouble on Pharoah's household.
*Pharoah asks Abram to leave, & he does so with increased wealth.

Abram and His Nephew Lot Separate: Genesis 13

2083 BCE

*Lot chooses the Plain of the Jordan (near Sodom).
*Abram chooses the land of Canaan, & God promises it to his descendents.

Abram Rescues Lot: Genesis 14:1-24

2082 BCE

*King of Sodom, King of Gomorrah, King of Admah, King of Zeboyim, and King of Bela march against King of Elam, King of Goyim, King of Shinar, and King of Ellasar (in the Valley of Siddim)
*The four kings capture goods of Sodom & Gomorrah and carry off Lot (from Sodom)
*Abram takes his men and rescues Lot, his family, and others
*Abram refuses spoils from the king of Sodom

God's Covenant with Abram: Genesis 15:1-21

2077 BCE

*God promises Abram land, an heir and offspring as countless as the stars
*God ‘cuts covenant’ with Abram
*God warns of 400 years of enslavement, but promises Abram’s ancestors will return to the land

Sarai & Hagar: Genesis 16:1-15

2076 BCE

*Sarai gives Hagar (slave) to Abram so they might have an heir
*Hagar conceives, & Sarai mistreats her.
*Hagar runs away, & an angel appears to her in the desert (beside the road to Shur)
*The angel tells her to go back. He promises her numerous descendants.
*Angel gives her child the name Ishmael.
*The place where Hagar meets God: “Beer Lahai Roi” (between Kadesh & Bered)

Ishmael Born: Genesis 16:15

2075 BCE

Covenant of Circumcision & God changes Abram's/Sarai's names: Genesis 17:1-27

2062 BCE

*God changes Abram’s name to Abraham (“father of many nations”)
*God determines circumcision as a sign of his covenant with Abraham.
*God changes Sarai’s name to ‘Sarah’
*God promises a son within a year and calls him “Isaac”

2062 BC: Three Visitors & the Destruction of Sodom: Genesis 18 & 19

2061 BCE

*Three ‘heavenly’ visitors promise a child within a year. One of the visitors warns of Sodom’s destruction
*Abraham pleads for the salvation of the righteous, and ‘the Lord’ agrees to save the city ‘for the sake of 10’
*God destroys Sodom and Gomorrah, but rescues Lot & his daughters. Lot’s wife looks back and is killed.
*Lot’s oldest daughter has Moab (leads to the Moabites).
*Lot’s youngest daughter has Ben-Ammi (leads to the Ammonites)

Abraham, Sarah & Abimelech: Genesis 20:1-18

2060 BCE

*Abraham moves to the region of the Negev (between Kadesh & Shur)
*Abraham stays in Gerar and introduces Sarah as his sister.
*King of Gerar (Abimelech) takes Sarah, but God warns him in a dream to return her.
*Abraham leaves with sheep, cattle, slaves

Isaac Born: Genesis 21

2060 BCE

*Abraham's heir, Isaac, born

Family Tension-Abraham Sends Hagar Away: Genesis 21:1-34

2058 BCE

*Tension between Hagar & Sarah
*Abraham decides to send Hagar away.
*God appears to Hagar and Ishmael in the desert, gives them water, & promises to make him a ‘great nation.’

Abraham's Test: Genesis 22:1-24

2048 BCE

• God asks Abraham to sacrifice Isaac, and Abraham obeys in faith. *God stops Abraham and promises “I will provide the sacrifice.”

Death & Burial of Sarah: Genesis 23

2030 BCE

*Sarah dies at Kiriath Area (Hebron) in the land of Canaan.
*Abraham buys land from Ephron the Hittite to bury Sarah
*Sarah is buried in a cave in the field of Machpelah near Mamre (Hebron)

Isaac Marries Rebekah: Genesis 24:1-67

2026 BCE

*Abraham sends a servant to find a wife for Isaac
*The servant finds Rebekah in the town of Nahor (She offers the servant water for his camels).
*“Daughter of Bethuel son of Milkah (who was the wife of Abraham’s brother Nahor)”
*Rebekah’s brother: Laban
*Rebekah returns with the servant & marries Isaac

Birth of Jacob & Esau: Genesis 25

2006 BCE

Death of Abraham & History of Ishmael's Line: Genesis 25:1-18

1991 BCE

*Abraham dies, and Isaac & Ishmael bury him with Sarah in the field of Ephron.
*Ishmael’s sons: Nebaioth, Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, Kedemah (12 tribal rulers)
*Ishmael’s descendents settle in area from Havilah to Shur, near the Eastern border of Egypt. Live in hostility towards neighbours. *Abraham’s family through his wife Keturah: Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Median, Ishbak, Shuah.

Esau Sells His Birthright & God Re-confirms His covenant with Abraham's Line: Genesis 25:29

1978 BCE

*Esau is hungry & sells his birthright to Jacob for stew
*God appears to Isaac in a dream at Beersheba.
*Isaac builds an altar.

Jacob Deceives Esau & Takes His Blessing: Genesis 27

1929 BCE

*Jacob pretends to be Esau (covers himself in hair) & takes the blessing from Isaac.

Jacob Flees to His Uncle Laban in Haran & Has a Dream: Genesis 27-28

1928 BCE

*Esau is angry, & Jacob runs away to Haran.
*Jacob dreams of a ladder going up to Heaven.
*God reconfirms His covenant with Jacob & promises to bring him back to the land.
*Jacob promises one tenth of all he owns to God.
*Jacob lives with uncle & is tricked into marrying Laban's older daughter, Leah.

Jacob Marries Rachel: Genesis 29:28

1921 BCE

*Rachel is promised to Jacob, in exchange for 7 more years working for Laban

Jacob's Children

Period: 1921 BCE to 1910 BCE

*Leah: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun (daughter Dinah)
*Zilpah (Leah's servant): Gad, Asher
*Bilah (Rachel's servant): Dan, Naphtali
*Rachel: Joseph & Benjamin

Jacob Runs Away to Canaan: Genesis 30-31

1908 BCE

*Jacob leaves with his family.
*Laban catches up & accuses Jacob of stealing his household god, but the two make a covenant at Mizpah

Jacob Wrestles with God at Peniel: Genesis 32

1906 BCE

*Jacob sends gifts ahead for Esau.
*Jacob wrestles with God, and God changes his name to "Israel."
*Jacob & Esau are reunited.
*Jacob settles in Shechem.
*Esau goes back to Seir.

Jacob's Daughter Dinah Raped by Shechem, Son of Amor: Genesis 34

1905 BCE

*Dinah is raped by Shechem.
*Jacob’s sons agree to their wedding in exchange for their circumcision. They agree, and Simeon & Levi murder every male in the city while they are recovering (34).

Rachel Dies: Genesis 35:18

1903 BCE

Joseph Has Two Prophetic Dreams & Is Sold By His Brothers: Genesis 37

1898 BCE

*Jacob's son Joseph has dreams.
*Dream 1: Joseph's brothers' sheaves bow down to his.
*Dream 2: The sun, moon, and eleven stars bow down to him.
*Reuben convinces his brothers not to kill him.
*Judah suggests they sell him to Midianites.
*Joseph is taken to Egypt.

Joseph Prospers Under Potiphar, But Is Accused by Potiphar's Wife: Genesis 39

1889 BCE

*Joseph prospers while working for Potiphar.
*Joseph refuses Potiphar's wife, & he is accused of impropriety.
*Joseph is imprisoned.

Joseph Interprets the Cupbearer and Baker's Dreams: Genesis 39 & 40

1887 BCE

*Joseph interprets the cupbearer and baker's dreams while in prison.
*The cupbearer is reinstated, and the baker is executed.

Joseph's Interprets Pharaoh's Dream: Genesis 41

1886 BCE

*The cupbearer recommends Joseph to Pharoah when Pharoah has a dream.
*Joseph warns of 7 years of plenty & 7 years of famine.
*Pharaoh puts Joseph in charge of storing up food throughout Egypt, & Joseph Prospers.

Famine in Egypt Leads to Joseph & His Family Being Reunited (Genesis 42-47)

1875 BCE

*Joseph detains Simeon.
*Joseph's brothers return with Benjamin.
*Benjamin accused of stealing a silver cup.
*Judah offers himself in his brother's place.
*Joseph reveals his identity & sends for his father, Jacob
*Jacob & his family settle in Goshen.

Jacob Blesses His Sons Before He Dies: Genesis 48-50

1859 BCE

*Jacob takes Joseph's sons, Ephraim & Manasseh, as his own (ie. includes them in God's promised blessings)
*Jacob breaks with tradition by blessing the younger (Ephraim) over Manasseh.
*Jacob prophesies that a great ruler will come from Judah's line.
*Jacob is buried in Canaan in the field of Ephron the Hittite (burial place of Abraham & Sarah/Isaac & Rebekah/Leah)

Death of Joseph: Genesis 50:26

1806 BCE

*Joseph requests that his bones be buried in his homeland.

Israelites Multiply in Egypt & Are Oppressed: Exodus 1

Period: 1700 BCE to 1539 BCE

*Pharoah orders every firstborn Hebrew male murdered.

Moses Is Born, Rescued From the Nile, & Adopted By Pharoah's Daughter: Exodus 2

1525 BCE

*Pharoah orders male Hebrew infants killed (a threat)
*Moses is hidden in a basket & sent down the Nile.
*Pharoah's daughter finds Moses & adopts him.

Moses Murders an Egyptian & Flees to Midian: Exodus 2

1486 BCE

Moses Meets God in a Burning Bush & Is Sent Back to Egypt: Exodus 3 & 4

1446 BCE

*Moses tending flock of father in law (Jethro, priest of Midian), & he encounters God @ Horeb.
*God promises that He will rescue His people & bring them to the Promised Land.
*God gives Aaron to help Moses.

Moses & Aaron Request that Pharoah Let the Israelites Journey To the Wilderness to Worship God: Exodus 5-6

1446 BCE

*Pharoah refuses & increases their workload.
*The people complain, Moses goes to God, and God encourages him.

1446 BC: God Brings 10 Plagues On Egypt & His People Mark Passover: Exodus 7-12

1445 BCE

*plagues: blood (the Nile), frogs, gnats, flies, death of livestock, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, death of every firstborn.
*Intention: to teach Israelites & Egyptians about sovereignty of God vs. Egypt's god-king (Yahweh in control of cosmic order)
*Each home ordered to slaughter a lamb without defect, mark their door frame with hyssop/blood, & eat the meat with bitter herbs/unleavened bread
*Instructions for Passover given.
*Israelites ordered to leave/take articles from Egypt.

1446 BC: Israelites Travel From Egypt & God Parts the Red Sea: Exodus 13-14

1445 BCE

*God orders Israelites to consecrate their firstborn, in memory of God's salvation.
*Moses carries Joseph's bones.
*God guides them with pillar of cloud by day & pillar of fire by night.
*Pharoah reaches Israelites, camped at Ball Zephon by the Red Sea.
*God parts the Red Sea so Israelites can cross.
*Pharoah's army becomes stuck & is drowned by the sea.

1446 BC: Journey to Mount Sinai Part 1: Exodus 15:22-17

1444 BCE

*Israelites travel through the Desert of Shur. They find bitter water at Marah, and they complain.
*God directs Moses to throw a piece of wood into the water, & they drink it.
*They camp at Elim, near twelve springs & 70 palm trees.
*Israelites reach the Desert of Sin & complain.
*God sends quail at night and mana in the morning.
*Israelites camp at Rephidim & complain. Moses strikes a rock, and water comes.
*Joshua fights Amalekites, while Moses holds up his staff (with Aaron & Hur)

1446 BC: Journey to Mount Sinai Part 2: Exodus 18-19:2

1443 BCE

*Moses's father in law (Jethro) visits Moses & suggests that Moses share the task of being judge for the people.
*Israelites reach the Desert of Sinai & camp in front of the mountain.
*God descends on Mount Sinai in a cloud.
*God warns the people not to touch the mountain, but He invites Moses to ascend & meet Him.

1446 BC: Sinai Covenant: Exodus 19:3-24:18

1442 BCE

*God gives Moses & the Israelites the Ten Commandments.
*Israelites are told how to apply the Law to life ("casuistic law")
*Moses leads nation in covenant ceremony "binding God & nation together" (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 81).
*Moses sprinkles blood on the alter, reads Book of the Covenant, & sprinkles blood on the people.

1446 BC: God Gives Instructions for the Tabernacle: Exodus 25-38

1441 BCE

*Israelites instructed to:
-collect offerings for the Tabernacle
-build the Ark of the Covenant
-include the Table, Lamp stand, altar, courtyard, oil, priestly garments, altar of incense, offering, laver

1446 BC: God's people worship the golden calf: Exodus 32

1440 BCE

*Moses speaks to God on behalf of the people.
*Moses breaks the tablets, grinds the calf into powder, & makes the people drink it.
*The Levites kill Israelites.
*God strikes the people with a plague.
*Moses meets God @ The Tent of Meeting and at Mount Sinai.
*God reiterates His commands. Moses shines with God's glory & needs to be veiled.

1445 BC: God's People Build the Tabernacle: Exodus 35-40

1439 BCE

*God chooses Bezalel of the tribe of Judah to design the tabernacle (with the help of Oholiab of the tribe of Dan)
*Aaron & sons consecrated for the priesthood.
*God's glory fills the tabernacle.
*Whenever the cloud lifts, Israelites set out.

1445 BC: Laws For Sacrifices & Offerings: Leviticus 1-7

1438 BCE

*Five types of sacrifices:
-Burnt offering: male without blemish burned on the altar
-Cereal offering: used by those who couldn't afford an animal
-Peace offering: celebrative offering consumed by humans
-Sin offering: for offences against God (priest, congregation, ruler & individual)
-Guilt offering: focus on restitution & reparation, usually deals with sacred items & social violations

1445 BC: Aaron & Sons Consecrated

1438 BCE

*ordination & installation of priesthood
*consequences of improper priestly activity
*Aaron's sons, Nadab & Abihu, offer a sacrifice improperly & are consumed.

1445 BC: Laws of Purity: Leviticus 11-16

1438 BCE

*Dealt with practical issues: food, childbirth, skin & fungus diseases, bodily discharges (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 59).

1445 BC: Day of Atonement: Leviticus 16

1438 BCE

*annual time for purging sin and uncleanness un-atoned for during the year (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 96)
*atonement for high priest, sanctuary & people
*High priest entered 'Holy of Holies' to make atonement for himself and nation
*For Christians, new High Priest made the final atonement with His blood (pg. 96).
*'scapegoat' (goat) sent into wilderness to symbolize removal of nation's sin

1445 BC: Holiness Code (Leviticus 17-27)

1438 BCE

*prescribes the way of holiness (e.g. sexual purity, observance of sacred holidays, fair treatment of the poor) (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 96)

1445 BC: Moses Takes a Census & Designates Tasks: Numbers 1-4

1437 BCE

*Moses takes a census of Israelite clans & families, with the help of Aaron and the leaders of their ancestral tribes
*Levites responsible for the Tabernacle (counted separately)
*Camps arranged & 'redemption money' collected
*Tasks for caring of Tabernacle:
-Kohathites: most holy things
-Gershonites: curtains & coverings
*Merarites: frames of tabernacle & posts of courtyards

1445 BC: Legislation & Dedication of Tabernacle: Numbers 5-8

1436 BCE

*Laws, priestly blessing, consecration of tabernacle
*Leader of each tribe brings offering
*ceremonial purification of Levites
*God speaks to Moses above the Ark of the Covenant

1445 BC: Israelites Celebrate Passover & Move Camp: Numbers 9 & 10

1436 BCE

*When the cloud lifts from the Tabernacle, the Israelites move
*Trumpet blast used to set out & for worship (and for future battles)

1445 BC: Israelites Complain: Numbers 11-12

1435 BCE

*People complain, & God consumes those on the outskirts of camp.
*Moses prays, & God relents.
*God sends quail in from the sea.
*Moses complains, & 70 leaders are chosen to support him.
*God sends a plagues as punishment
*Miriam & Aaron complain against Moses, & God appears to affirm his leadership.
*Miriam is afflicted with leprosy, & Moses intercedes.
*Miriam stays outside the camp for 7 day before returning
*Israelites move camp to Desert of Paran.

1445 BC: Twelve Spies Enter Canaan: Numbers 13-15

1434 BCE

*12 spies: Shammua, Shaphat, Caleb (tribe of Judah), Igal, Hoshea (Joshua, tribe of Ephraim), Palti, Gaddiel, Gaddi, Ammiel, Sethur, Nahbi, Geuel
*Only Joshua & Caleb agree to enter the land.
*Israelites are afraid & want to choose a new leader/go back to Egypt
*God appears at the Tabernacle, & Moses intercedes
*Punishment: 40 years in wilderness
*Israelites enter Canaan, & lose battle to Amalekites & Canaanites at Hormah

1426 BC: Korah's Rebellion: Numbers 16

1426 BCE

*Korah, Dathan, Abiram, & On & 250 community leaders rise up against Moses & Aaron
*Moses tells them to gather & burn incense before God.
*God says He will destroy everyone except Moses & Aaron, but Moses and Aaron intercede
*God tells Moses to have people move away from tents of Korah, Dathan & Abiram
*Three men & families swallowed up by the earth. 250 men consumed by fire.
*Israelites complain, & God sends a plague.
*Aaron offers incense & makes atonement.

1426 BC: Aaron's staff buds: Numbers 17

1425 BCE

*Moses takes a staff from each of the tribes (with the name of the leader on it).
*Moses puts their staffs and Aaron's in the Tent of the Meeting, in front of the Ark of the Covenant Law.

*Aaron's staff buds & produces almonds
*Aaron's staff kept there as a reminder of God's choice

Moses Strikes the Rock at Meribah & Aaron dies: Numbers 20

1407 BCE

*Miriam dies & is buried at Kadesh in the Desert of Zin.
*Israelites complain, & God tells Moses to speak to a rock, and He will bring water out of it.
*Moses addresses the crowd & strikes the rock instead. Water gushes out.
*God tells Moses he will not enter the Promised Land because of his disobedience.
*Israelites avoid war with Edom
*Moses takes Aaron and Aaron's son Eleazar up Mount Hor
*Moses puts Aaron's garments on his son.
*Aaron dies

1407 BC: The Bronze Snake

1406 BCE

*Canaanite King of Arad attacks Israelites & takes captives. Israelites call out to God & defeat enemy/take towns @ Hormah.
*Israelites travel from Mount Hor around Edom, & Israelites become impatient/complain
*God sends venomous snakes.
*God tells Moses to make a snake & put it on a pole. All who look to the snake live.
*Israelites defeat Sihon, King of Amorites at Jahaz (takes Heshbon and surrounding territory)
*Israelites defeat Og, King of Bashan at Edrei

1407 BC: Balaam & The Angel: Numbers 22-24

1405 BCE

*Israelites camp in Plains of Moab
*Balak, ruler of Moab, enlists professional magician to curse Israel (Balaam of N. Mesopotamia)
*Balaam's donkey recognizes the angel first. The angel tells him to pronounce a blessing instead.
*Spirit of God comes on Balaam, & he pronounces blessings on Israel.

1407 BC: Israelites Practice Baal Worship While Camped @ the Jordan: Numbers 25

1404 BCE

*While staying at Shittim, Israelites mix with Moabite women & engage in idol worship
*God brings a plague.
*Eleazar the Priest kills an Israelite man (Zimri) with his Moabite woman, & the plague stops

1407 BC: Moses Takes a Second Census in Preparation for Dividing up the Promised Land: Numbers 26

1403 BCE

1407 BC: God shows Moses the Promised Land & Appoints Joshua: Numbers 27

1402 BCE

*God calls Moses up a mountain in the Abarim Range & shows him the Promised Land.
*God chooses Joshua to lead Israel
*Joshua is commissioned before Eleazar the priest & the assembly.

1407 BC: Conquest of Midian & Division of Transjordan: Numbers 31-32

1401 BCE

*Israelites attack & defeat Midianites
*Gadites, Reubenites, & tribe of Manasseh are given kingdom of Sihon (king of Amorites) & kingdom of Og (king of Bashan)
*Descendents of Makir son of Manasseh capture Gilead & drive out Amorites

1407 BC: Apportionment of Canaan: Numbers 34-35

1400 BCE

*Land allotted to tribes, except tribes of Reuben, Gad, & Manasseh (received their portion across from Jericho, E. of the Jordan).
*Those given the task of allotment: Eleazar the priest, Joshua, & one man from each tribe
*9 1/2 tribes apportioned land.
*Levites given 48 towns & 6 cities of refuge (for those who kill someone accidently)
*Moses declares that no inheritance may pass from one tribe to another.

1407 BC: First Address of Moses: Deuteronomy 1:1-4:43

1399 BCE

*Israelites gather at Moab, East of the Jordan.
*Moses recounts God's acts on behalf of Israel, from Sinai to Moab
*Reminding them of God's nature as Saviour and Protector

1406 BC: Second Address of Moses: Deuteronomy 4:44-26:19

1398 BCE

*Moses re-states the covenant laws from Exodus 20-23.
*Applies the Ten Commandments to their new lives in the Promised Land.
*Covenant faithfulness isn't just for religious observances, but also for every day life
*The 'Shema' (Deuteronomy 6:4)

1406 BC: Third Address of Moses: Deuteronomy 27-31

1398 BCE

*Moses gives instructions for covenant renewal ceremony in Promised Land.
*Will build an altar & memorial at Shechem. Divide tribes between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, & have people recommit themselves to God's covenant (Levites sing warnings about breaking covenant).
*Doctrine of retribution (Deuteronomic Theology) (ch. 28)
*Prophesies disobedience, exile, & return to land
*Confirms Joshua at the Tabernacle
*Law given to Levites & kept in ark of covenant (to be read every 7 years)

1406 BC: Moses' Final Words: Deuteronomy 32-34

1397 BCE

*Song of Moses
*Moses blesses each tribe.
*Moses climbs Mount Nebo, views the Promised Land, and dies.

1406 BC: God Commissions Joshua: Joshua 1

1396 BCE

*God's instructions to Joshua: focus on the task (leading people into the land), remember his heritage & meditate on God's Word, remember God's presence (God was with him) (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 145).
*Joshua enlists help of tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh (on the Jordan's East side)

1406 BC: Joshua Sends Two Spies to Jericho: Joshua 2

1395 BCE

*Rahab the prostitute hides the spies & makes a covenant with them (protection for her and her family)

1406 BC: Crossing of the Jordan: Joshua 3-5

1394 BCE

*Levitical priests cross with the ark of the covenant, & the Jordan River stops flowing (piles up at town of Adam in Zarethan).
*Israelites cross over.
*A man from each tribe carries a stone over (12 stones in total) as a memorial
*When priests cross over, water flow continues.
*Israelites reach Plains of Jericho & camp at Gilgal
*Israelites re-implement circumcision & celebrate Passover
*Joshua receives encouraging visit from heavenly messenger.

1406 BC: Central Campaign (Jericho, Ai, & Bethel): Joshua 6-9

1393 BCE

*Jericho: Israelites march around city once a day for 6 days (with priests & ark of the covenant leading). On day 7 Israelites march around 7 times, and city falls.
*Rahab hangs cord out her window, & her family is saved. Rahab becomes ancestor of Jesus.
*Achan keeps plunder from Jericho, & Israelites are defeated at Ai. Achan & family killed, & Israel defeats Ai.
*Israelites renew covenant at Mounts Ebal & Gerizim.
*Gibeonite delegation tricks Israelites at Gilgal. Covenant made.

1404 BC: Southern Campaign: Joshua 10

1392 BCE

*Southern Canaan's kings attack Gibeon (didn't like the treaty with Israel)
*Israel supports Gibeon: God brings hailstones on enemies & answers Joshua's prayer to make the sun stand still (in the enemies' eyes all day) (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 148).
*Israelites defeat Makkedah, Libnah, Lachish, Horam, Eglon, Hebron, Debir.
*Take region from Kadesh Barnea to Gaza, and from Goshen to Gibeon.

1402 BC: Northern Campaign: Joshua 11

1391 BCE

*Israelites attacked by coalition: kings of Hazor, Madon, Shimron, Akshaph. Northern kings in the mountains, in the Arabah, in Western Foothills, in Naphoth Dor. Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Jebusites, Hivites.
*Israelites defeated them at Waters of Merom to Valley of Mizpah.
*Began period of peace.

1400 BC: Land Allotted: Joshua 13-22

1390 BCE

*Canaanites remain in remote areas.
*Caleb requests Hebron & drives out inhabitants.
*Judah not able to dislodge the Jebusites.
*Ephraim & Manasseh can't dislodge the Canaanites in Gezer.
*Influence of foreign nations would lead Israelites astray.
*Israelites gather at Shiloh, organize a census, & cast lots for land.
*6 Cities of Refuge designated (for those who kill unintentionally).
*Levites given 48 towns

1400 BC: Israel Avoids Civil War: Joshua 22-24

1389 BCE

*Tribes of Reuben, Gad & Manasseh build an altar, & Eleazor's son (Phinehas) leads a delegation to investigate.
*Western tribes prepare for war, but three tribes explain it was a monument to God (misunderstanding).

1380 BC: Joshua's Farewell Address

1380 BCE

*Two speeches: Joshua reminds Israel of Israel's history & God's provision. He exhorts them to commit themselves to the Lord.
*Joshua erects a stone as a sign of the people's commitment to serve God.
*Joshua dies & is buried.
*Joseph's bones and Eleazar's body is buried.

Israel's Pattern of Disobedience: Judges 1-16:31

Period: 1380 BCE to 1180 BCE

*Israelites live among Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites & Jebusites.

*Israelites intermarry & serve neighbours' gods (e.g. Baal)
*God raises up 12 judges (military leaders empowered for tasks of deliverance & to restore justice) (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 157)
*God delivers Israelites, & they fall into sin after each period of restoration.

Israel's Judges Part 1: Judges 3-4

Period: 1380 BCE to 1180 BCE

*Othniel: Defeats king of Aram Naharaim (Israel subjugated for 8 years & at peace for 40 years)
*Ehud: Defeats Eglon, King of Moab (Israel subjugated for 18 years & at peace for 80 years)
*Shamgar: strikes down 600 Philistines
*Deborah: A prophet who holds court under the Palm of Deborah between Ramah & Bethel (Ephraim). Sisera (commander of King Jabin's army) oppresses Israelites for 20 years. Deborah calls Barak to fight. Sisera killed by Jael, wife of Heber the Kenite.

Israel's Judges Part 2: Judges 6-8

Period: 1380 BCE to 1180 BCE

Gideon:
*Israelites oppressed by Midianites for 7 years.

*Angel appears to Gideon at Ophrah & calls him to fight.

*God gives him a sign: consumes meat & unleavened bread.
*Gideon breaks down Baal's altar.
*Gideon meets Midianites at Valley of Jezreel. God performs a sign using fleece.

*God removes men from Gideon's army (those who are afraid and those who drink with their hands).

*Gideon attacks with trumpets & jars, and Midianites are defeated.

Israel's Judges Part 3: Judges 10-16

Period: 1380 BCE to 1180 BCE

*Tola (23 years), Jair (22 years), Jephthah (defeats Amonites), Ibzan (7 years), Elon (10 years), Abdon (8 years)
*Samson (father Manoah) a Nazirite. Defeats a lion at Timnah. Sends foxes with torches on tails through Philistine's grain. Kills men with a donkey's jawbone. Leads Israel for 20 years, but is betrayed by Delilah (His hair is cut & he is captured). Brings pillars down on the Philistines.

1380 BC: Israelites Fight Remaining Canaanites

1379 BCE

*Judah defeats Canaanites & Perizzites at Bezek, in the hill country, the Negev & the Western Foothills. Canaanites in Hebron & Debir.
*Defeats Canaanites in Zephath (with Simeonites), Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ekron.
*Tribes of Joseph take Bethel
*Tribes of Manasseh, Ephraim, Zebulun, Asher, Naphtali can't drive out Canaanites

1375 BC: Micah's Idolatry: Judges 17-18

1375 BCE

*Micah (from Ephraim) has an idol made & takes in a Levite from Bethlehem in Judah as his own priest.
*Five men from tribe of Danites steal his idol and invite Levite to join them.
*Men attack Laish and set up city of Dan. Continue to use the idol.

1375 BC: Breakdown of Order: Civil War: Judges 19-21

1374 BCE

*Levite's concubine is raped by men of Gibeah (Ephraim). He sends 12 body parts throughout Israel.
*Israel orders tribe of Benjamin to turn over the men of Gibeah, and they refuse.
*Israel attacks Benjamin, & after multiple battles Israel wins.
*Israel builds an altar at Mizpah, & Jabesh Gilead doesn't come.
*Israel makes peace with Benjamin & gives the women of Jabesh Gilead to the Benjaminites (captures them during a festival).
*Focus of covenant unfaithfulness/lawlessness.

1140 BC: Naomi, Ruth & Boaz: Ruth 1-4

1140 BCE

*Naomi & Elimelech move to Moab because of a famine in Israel. Two sons marry Moabite women (Naomi & Orpah).
*Elimelech & sons die.
*Naomi moves back to Bethlehem, & Ruth follows.
*Ruth gleans in family's fields (Boaz).
*Ruth offers herself in marriage.
*Boaz gives a younger 'kinsman redeemer' first refusal.
*Ruth & Boaz marry & have a son (Obed, father of Jesse, father of David)
*Themes: sovereignty of God, faithfulness of individuals. God's covenant not limited by gender/race.

1100 BC: Samuel Is Born & Given to God: 1 Samuel 1

1100 BCE

*Elkanah (Levite from Ephraim) has two wives: Peninnah & Hannah.
*Hannah isn't able to conceive, so she prays for a son at Shiloh & vows to dedicate him to God as a Nazirite.
*Eli the priest blesses her.
*Hannah conceives & takes Samuel to live with Eli at the temple (after the baby is weaned)

Samuel is Called: 1 Samuel 3

1089 BCE

*God calls to Samuel at night three times. When God calls a fourth time, Samuel invites God to speak to him.
*God tells Samuel that Eli's house will end because of his sons' sin & his enabling.
*God confirms a prophesy given earlier (that sons Hophni & Phinehas would die on the same day, and God would raise up a new priest: 1 Samuel 2).

Death of Eli's House & Capture of Ark: 1 Samuel 4

1070 BCE

*Philistines settle along Judean coastline (controlled international coastal highway). Camp at Aphek. Risk of pushing eastward & cutting Israel's territory in half. (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 173).
*Israelites attack at Ebenezer & lose. Take ark of the covenant into second battle & lose again.
*Ark of the covenant captured, & Hophni & Phinehas killed.
*Eli hears the news, falls off his chair, and dies.
*Wife of Phinehas goes into premature labor & dies.

1070 BC: Ark Is Returned: 1 Samuel 5-7

1069 BCE

*Philistines bring ark to Ashdod & put it in the temple of god Dagon.
*Idol falls down in front of the ark twice & breaks.
*God sends plagues against Ashdod and its territories
*Philistines send ark on a cart hitched to two milk cows (calves back in stall). Cows go straight to Beth-Shemesh.
*People of Beth-Shemesh don't show respect to the ark, & God sends a plague.
*People give ark to Kiriath-Jearim (Eleazar guards it).
*Israelites repent at Mizpah & defeat Philistines.

Saul Becomes King: 1 Samuel 8-12

1043 BCE

*Saul's sons (Joel & Abijah) are corrupt leaders.
*Israelites meet Samuel at Ramah & ask for a king. Samuel warns against it.
*God tells Samuel He will send him a Benjaminite king.
*Saul looking for father's donkeys
*Samuel invites him to dine at high place
*Samuel anoints him & prophesies
*Donkeys found, offering at Tree of Tabor, procession of prophets at Gibeah
*Spirit comes on Saul, & he prophesies
*Defeats Ammonites at Jabesh Gilead
*Made king at Gilgal

Saul's War with the Philistines & Saul's Disobedience: 1 Samuel 13

1041 BCE

*Jonathan attacks Philistine outpost at Geba.
*Philistines assemble to fight.
*Saul waits for Samuel at Gilgal for 7 days, then makes the offering himself.
*Samuel rebukes Saul & prophesies he will lose his kingdom.

1040 BC: Saul Makes a Rash Oath, & Jonathan Defeats Philistines: 1 Samuel 14

1040 BCE

*Saul orders that no one eats until they have victory.
*Israelites strike down Philistines from Mikmash to Aijalon.
*Jonathan eats honey.
*Men are so hungry they eat sheep/cattle etc. with the blood still in it (sin)
*Saul builds an altar and inquires of the Lord whether to pursue Philistines. God doesn't answer.
*Saul finds out Jonathan's secret, but Jonathan's men save him.
*Israelites withdraw.
*Saul's military success: Moab, Ammonites, Edom, Zobah, Philistines, Amalekites.

Saul Disobeys God Against the Amalekites: 1 Samuel 15

1028 BCE

*God orders Israelites to attack Amalekites & destroy everything.
*Israelites spare King Agag & the best of his sheep and cattle.
*Saul sets up a monument in his honor at Carmel and goes to Gilgal.

*God tells Samuel of disobedience.
*Saul tells Samuel he has sacrificed the cattle to God.
*Samuel: God will take away his kingdom.
*Saul asks forgiveness
*Samuel joins him to worship and kills King Agag.
*Samuel remains at Ramah & Saul at Gibeah. Samuel doesn't visit him again.

Saul Anoints David as Future King: 1 Samuel 16

1024 BCE

*Samuel anoints David, son of Jesse, in Bethlehem.
*God's Spirit comes on David.
*An evil spirit comes on Saul.
*Saul's servants recommend David to play the lyre for him at court, to calm him.

1024 BC: David Defeats Goliath: 1 Samuel 17

1023 BCE

*Philistines push eastward from Ekron & Gath. Israelites move westward to mountain overlooking Elah Valley, to protect two east-west highways (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 176).
*Goliath issues challenges to Israelites for 40 days.
*David arrives to check on his brothers.
*David accepts challenge, kills Goliath with a slingshot, & cuts off his head.
*Philistines flee, & Israelites pursue them to Ekron & Gath.
*Themes: protecting God's honor & having faith in His strength.

David's Friendship with Jonathan & Saul's Jealousy: 1 Samuel 18-21

1015 BCE

*David has military success, & Saul becomes jealous.
*Saul throws spear at David multiple times.
*Saul gives daughter Michal to David.
*Saul plans to kill David, but Michal and Jonathan protect him. David runs to Samuel at Ramah.
*Jonathan and David make covenant.
*Jonathan sends a sign (arrows), & David runs away.
*David runs to Ahimelek, Priest of Nob. Ahimelek gives him & his men consecrated bread, and David Goliath's spear.
*David runs to Achish, King of Gath, and feigns madness.

1011 BC: David Runs From Saul: 1 Samuel 22-23

1011 BCE

*David escapes to cave of Adullam & becomes commander of 400 men.
*David goes to Mizpah & Forest of Hereth (in Judah)
*Saul calls the priests of Nob & has Doeg the Edomite kill them.
*Saul's men attack the town of Nob & slay everyone
*Abiathar (son of Ahimelek) escapes & tells David
*David defeats Philistines at Keilah
*David runs to Desert of Ziph, & Jonathan/David make a covenant
*Ziphites betray David, but Saul is called away from Desert of Maon (Philistines)
*David goes to En Gedi.

1011 BC: David Spares Saul: 1 Samuel 24-26

1010 BCE

*Saul looks for David in Desert of En Gedi.
*Saul relieves himself in cave, & David cuts off a piece of his robe.
*Saul feels guilty/asks David not to wipe out his line.
*Samuel dies, & David goes to Desert of Paran.
*Nabal refuses supplies to David's men, but Nabal's wife (Abigail) avoids bloodshed by meeting David with gifts.
*Nabal dies, & Abigail marries David.
*Saul pursues David in Desert of Ziph. David takes his spear/jug while he sleeps.
*Saul feels guilty, & they go in peace.

1010 BC: Saul's Final Battle: 1 Samuel 27; 1 Chronicles 10

1009 BCE

*David flees to Achish (King of Gath) & is given Ziklag
*David pretends to fight for them
*Saul sets up camp at Gilboa and sees Philistines.

*Saul asks medium to bring up Samuel from death, & Samuel predicts Saul's/his sons' deaths.
*Achish sends David home from battle
*Ziklag attacked by Amalekites, & David rescues families
*David sends plunder to elders of Judah
*Saul & sons killed by Philistines on Mount Gilboa
*People of Jabesh Gilead take bodies from Beth Shan to Jabesh.

1008 BC-1004 BC: David Made King, & Civil War: 2 Samuel 1-4

1008 BCE

*David mourns death of Saul & Jonathan and orders death of Amalekite who claimed to kill Saul.
*David anointed king of Judah at Hebron.
*Saul's relative & general (Abner) crowns Saul's son (Ishbosheth) king over Israel.
*Abner deserts to David's side, but Joab (David's nephew & general) kills Abner.
*Baanah & Rechab (Ishbosheth's commanders) fear losing, so they kill Ishbosheth & bring his head to David.
*David has them executed.
(Arnold & Beyer, pg. 186)

1003 BC: David Anointed King Over Entire Nation: 2 Samuel 5; 1 Chronicles 11

1003 BCE

*David anointed king at Hebron.

1002 BC: David Secures Borders: 2 Samuel 5

1002 BCE

*David invades Jerusalem (Jebusites) and moves capital from Hebron to Jerusalem.

*Makes covenant with Hiram, king of Tyre. Hiram builds him a palace in Jerusalem.
*David defeats Philistines at Baal-Perazim, then from Geba to Gezer.
*Israelites push Philistines back to coast.
*(Arnold & Beyer, pg. 187)

1000 BC: David Brings Back the Ark: 2 Samuel 5-7; 1 Chronicles 13 & 15

1000 BCE

*David fetches ark from house of Abinadab. Uzzah touches ark & is struck dead. David takes ark to house of Obed-Edom, then to Jerusalem.
*David dances, & Michal despises him.
*David wants to build a house for God, but Nathan tells him his son will. Nathan prophesies that David's house will reign forever.

David's Victories: 2 Samuel 8-9

995 BCE

*David defeats Philistines, Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, Arameans. Takes tribute from Moabites, Arameans.
*David shows kindness to Jonathan's son, Mephibosheth (gives him Saul's land & has him eat at king's table).

David Sins With Bathsheba: 2 Samuel 11-12

993 BCE

*David sins with Bathsheba, wife of Uriah the Hittite, & she becomes pregnant.
*David tries to get Uriah to stay with his wife (twice). When this fails, David orders Joab to place Uriah in the middle of the hottest fighting & withdraw. Uriah dies.
*David takes Bathsheba as his wife.
*Nathan confronts David & prophesies their child will die.
*David repents. God forgives him, & Bathsheba later conceives again (Solomon).

Amnon Rapes Tamar: 2 Samuel 13-14

990 BCE

*Amnon rapes Tamar (half-sister) & refuses to marry her.
*Absalom (Tamar's brother) hosts a party & has Amnon killed. Absalom flees to Geshur.
*Three years later, Absalom allowed to return to Jerusalem.
*Two years later, Absalom invited to the palace.

976 & 972 BC: Rebellions Against David: 2 Samuel 15-20

976 BCE

*Absalom wins over people by hearing their complaints at the city gate.
*Absalom goes to Hebron & sends instructions to shout "Absalom is king in Hebron."
*David flees Jerusalem, but sends Hushai (servant) to be his spy.
*Ahihophel (Absalom's counselor) advises immediate attack. Hushai advises delay & sends word to David.
*David divides troops into three & defeats Absalom's troops.
*Absalom gets stuck in a tree & is killed by Joab's men.
*Sheba (Benjaminite) rebels and loses (972 BC)

970 BC: David's Final Years: 2 Samuel 21-24; 1 Chronicles 21

970 BCE

*Saul had broken covenant with Gibeonites, leading to famine.
*David offers to make restitution, & Gibeonites ask to hang 7 of Saul's sons (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 193).
*David battles Philistines.
*David takes a census of his men, showing lack of faith. Given a choice by prophet Gad: famine, flight before enemies, or pestilence.
*David leaves decision to God.
*God sends plague, & David sacrifices on land of Araunah the Jebusite (refuses free use).
*Threshing floor later site of temple.

970 BC: Solomon Becomes King: 1 Kings 1-2

969 BCE

*When David is old, his son Adonijah becomes impatient & claims the throne. Bathsheba & Nathan speak on Solomon's behalf.
*David has Zadok the priest & Nathan the prophet anoint Solomon king at Gihon
*David dies.

Solomon's Wisdom: 1 Kings 3-4; 2 Chronicles 1

967 BCE

*(Solomon marries daughter of Pharoah)
*Solomon goes to offer sacrifices at Gibeon & has a dream.
*God tells Solomon to ask for anything, & Solomon asks for wisdom to rule. God is pleased & grants his request, along with wealth and honor.
*Solomon resolves a dispute between two prostitutes over a baby.

966 BC: Solomon Builds The Temple: 1 Kings 5-9; 2 Chronicles 2-7

966 BCE

*Solomon enlists help of Hiram, King of Tyre to build the temple (pays his men to cut and transport cedar logs).
*Solomon conscripts labor from all over Israel.
*Solomon builds the temple and palace. Enlists Huram to make temple furnishings.
*Israelites bring ark into the Most Holy Place (with stone tablets), & Solomon dedicates the temple with sacrifices.
*God speaks to Solomon & reminds him to follow Him (re-affirms covenant).

Solomon's Moral Failures: 1 Kings 11

939 BCE

*Solomon marries many foreign women (Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians & Hittites).
*Solomon offers sacrifices to foreign gods. As a consequence, God says his son will lose the kingdom. But God will leave him one tribe.

Division of The Kingdom: 1 Kings 12; 2 Chronicles 10

931 BCE

*Jeroboam in charge of labor force of tribe of Joseph. Prophet Ahijah tells him God will take the kingdom from Solomon's son & give Jeroboam 10 tribes.
*Jeroboam has to run from Solomon.
*Solomon dies, & Solomon's son (Rehoboam) comes to the throne.
*Rehoboam doesn't listen to the people & makes work harder.
*Israelites make Jeroboam king (except tribe of Judah)
*Shemaiah tells everyone to go home & not fight.
*Kingdom split between North and South (Israel & Judah)

930 BC-885 BC: Beginning of Israel's 2 Kingdoms: 1 Kings 12-16 & 2 Chronicles 12-15

930 BCE

*Jeroboam sets up golden calves at Bethel & Dan, so people won't go south to worship (Jerusalem).
*Jeroboam condemned by two prophets (Ahijjah)
*Rehoboam (Judah) practices apostasy.

*Warfare between two kingdoms.
*Rehoboam dies, and Abijah replaces him (idol worship).

*King Asa (Judah) follows God. Baasha (Israel) claims Ramah, & Judah gets King of Damascus to invade Israel.
*Omri (Israel) sets Samaria as capital & worships gods. Marries son Ahab to princess of Sidon (Jezebel)

King Jeroboam 1 of Israel: 930 BC-909 BC

930 BCE

King Rehoboam of Judah: 930 BC-913 BC

930 BCE

King Abijah of Judah: 913 BC-910 BC

913 BCE

King Asa of Judah: 910 BC-869 BC

910 BCE

King Nadab of Israel: 909 BC-908 BC

909 BCE

King Baasha of Israel: 908 BC-886 BC

908 BCE

King Elah of Israel: 886 BC-885 BC

886 BCE

King Zimri of Israel: 885 BC

885 BCE

King Omri of Israel: 885 BC-874 BC

885 BCE

King Ahab of Israel: 874 BC-853 BC

874 BCE

King Jehoshaphat of Judah: 872 BC-848 BC

872 BCE

Ahab's Reign & Elisha's Call: 1 Kings 16-19

863 BCE

*King Ahab (Israel) set up altar to Baal in Samaria.
*Prophet Elijah prophesies drought & hides in the Kerith Ravine. God uses ravens to supply him with food. When brook dries up, God directs him to widow in Zarephath.
*God makes widow's flour and oil last.
*Elijah challenges prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel, & God shows his power by burning up the sacrifice.
*Elijah flees Jezebel, & an angel provides food & drink. God directs him to Damascus, & he gives his cloak to Elisha.

Ben-Hadad, King of Aram, Attacks Samaria: 1 Kings 20

857 BCE

*Ahab defeats Ben-Hadad twice & lets him live. Makes a treaty.
*Ahab condemned for disobeying God's order.

Ahab Takes Naboth's Vineyard: 1 Kings 21

855 BCE

*Ahab asks for Naboth's vineyard, but Naboth refuses.
*Jezebel arranges for accusations against Naboth, & Naboth is stoned.
*Ahab & Jezebel take the vineyard.
*Elijah confronts Ahab & prophesies that God will bring disaster on his house.

Israel & Judah Against Syria: 1 Kings 22 & 2 Chronicles 18

853 BCE

*Ahab enlists help of King of Judah (Jehoshaphat) in deciding whether to attack Ramoth Gilead.
*All Ahab's prophets predict victory except one: Micaiah.
*Micaiah predicts disaster & is imprisoned.
*Israel & Judah go to war against Ramoth Gilead, & Ahab is killed (prophesy fulfilled).
*Ahaziah, son of Ahab, becomes king & practices apostasy.
*Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, follows God, but doesn't remove high places

King Ahaziah of Israel: 853 BC-852 BC

853 BCE

Ahaziah's Apostasy & Death: 2 Kings 1

852 BCE

*Moab rebels against Israel
*Ahaziah is injured, so sends messengers to Philistia to ask Baal-zebub about health. Elijah intercepts messengers.
*Ahaziah attempts to capture Elijah, & 100 men killed.
*Elijah goes to Ahaziah & prophesies that his injury will be fatal.

King Joram of Israel: 852 BC-841 BC

852 BCE

Transition From Elijah to Elisha: 2 Kings 2

851 BCE

*Elijah & Elisha go to Bethel, Jericho, & Jordan.
*With 50 prophets watching, Elijah strikes the Jordan with his cloak, & the water parts.
*Elisha requests a double portion of his spirit (to be his successor)
*chariot of fire & horses brings Elijah up to Heaven
*Elisha strikes water with Elijah's cloak, & water parts. Confirmation of mantle passing to him.

Elisha's Miracles: 2 Kings 2-6

850 BCE

*Elisha heals water & curses mockers.
*Mesha, King of Moab, rebels against Joram, son of Ahab. Joram enlists help of Jehoshaphat. Elisha prophesies victory.
*Elisha provides oil for a widow.
*Elisha prophesies birth of woman's son & brings him back to life. Multiplies food to feed 100.
*Elisha heals Naaman of leprosy (commander of King of Aram). Tells him to wash 7 times in the Jordan. Elisha's servant (Gehazi) takes payment & is struck with leprosy.
*Makes an axe head float.

King of Aram Pursues Elisha to Dothan: 2 Kings 6:8-23

848 BCE

*Elisha knows King of Aram's plans & tells Israelites.
*King of Aram goes to Dothan to capture Elisha.
*Elisha asks God to open his servant's eyes, & servant sees horses & chariots of fire.
*Elisha prays blindness on army, feeds them, and sends them home.

King Jehoram of Judah: 848 BC-841 BC

848 BCE

Elisha & the Nation of Israel: 2 Kings 6-10

841 BCE

*Ben-Hadad, King of Aram, lays siege to Samaria & there's famine in the city.
*Elisha prophesies, & God causes Arameans to hear sounds of a great army. Arameans flee, & Israelites have victory.
*Elisha predicts Ben-Hadad's death (King of Aram) & Hazael's asension to throne.
*Elisha commissions prophet to anoint Jehu (commander of Israelite army) to destroy Ahab's house.
*Hazael of Syria captures territory of Jehu & Shalmaneser 3rd of Assyria collects tribute

King Jehu of Israel: 841 BC-814 BC

841 BCE

King Ahaziah of Judah: 841 BC

841 BCE

King Athaliah of Judah: 841 BC-835 BC

841 BCE

King Joash of Judah: 835 BC-796 BC

835 BCE

King Jehoahaz of Israel: 814 BC-798 BC

814 BCE

King Jehoash of Israel: 798 BC-782 BC

798 BCE

King Amaziah of Judah: 796 BC-767 BC

796 BCE

King Jeroboam 2nd of Israel: 793 BC-753 BC

793 BCE

King Uzziah of Judah: 792 BC-740 BC

792 BCE

King Zechariah of Israel: 753 BC

753 BCE

King Shallum of Israel: 752 BC

752 BCE

King Menahem of Israel: 752 BC-742 BC

752 BCE

King Pekah of Israel: 752 BC-732 BC

752 BCE

King Jotham of Judah: 750 BC-732 BC

750 BCE

King Pekahiah of Israel: 742 BC-740 BC

742 BCE

King Ahaz of Judah: 735 BC-715 BC

735 BCE

Nations at War: 2 Kings 11-17

732 BCE

*Jehu kills Ahaziah of Judah (alliance between N & S)
*Daughter of Ahab, Athaliah, tries to end line in Jerusalem in revenge for slaughter in N. King's son Joash kept in hiding. Chief priest orchestrates revolt & puts Joash on throne.
*Joash invades Jerusalem (Amaziah) & plunders temple.
*Jeroboam 2nd: Israel
*Uzziah of Judah: peace/stability
*Azah of Judah agrees to be Assyrian vassal
*Hoshea (Israel) seeks alliance with Egypt against Assyria. People of Samaria captured & deported.

King Hoshea of Israel: 732 BC-722 BC

732 BCE

King Hezekiah: 727 BC-698 BC

727 BCE

King Manasseh of Judah: 696 BC-642 BC

696 BCE

King Amon of Judah: 642 BC-640 BC

642 BCE

King Josiah of Judah: 640 BC-609 BC

640 BCE

King Jehoahaz of Judah: 609 BC

609 BCE

King Jehoiakim of Judah: 608 BC-598 BC

608 BCE

King Jehoiachin of Judah: 598 BC-597 BC

598 BCE

King Zedekiah of Judah: 597 BC-586 BC

597 BCE

Judah Alone: 2 Kings 18-25

597 BCE

*reforms: Hezekiah & Josiah
*apostasy: Manasseh & Jehoahaz
*Hezekiah: religious reform, rebellion against Assyria (after policies of Ahaz), reconquered Philistia.
*Victory against Sennacherib (Assyria)
*Healed of deadly illness
*Flaw: receives Babylonian envoy & shows his wealth
*Grandsons Manasseh & Amon evil.

*Josiah initiates reform (high priest finds Book of Law)
*Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, Zedekiah (Jerusalem conquered by Babylon)
*Nebuchadnezzar's son releases Jehoiachin.

King Cyrus of Persia Captures Babylon: Ezra 1:2-4

537 BCE

*King Cyrus releases Jews to return to homeland.

537-458 BC: Exiles Return: Ezra 2-7

500 BCE

*Jews begin restoring temple: Zerubbabel, Joshua, priests & Levites
*Opposition to temple restoration (letter sent to King Artaxerxes)
*Temple stopped until reign of Darius
*Prophets Haggai & Zechariah encouraged the people.
*Opposition complains to Darius, & Darius gives his support, with funds.
*Temple completed, & passover celebrated
*Ezra sent by Artaxerxes to assist

Esther Becomes Queen of Persia: Esther 1-2

478 BCE

*King Xerxes 1st chooses Esther as Queen (niece & adopted daughter of Mordecai)
*Mordecai learns of secret plot to assassinate king.
*Esther warns king, & coup prevented.

473 BC: Haman's Evil Plot

473 BCE

*Haman convinces king to sign edict condemning Jews to be killed
*Esther instructs all Jews to fast for 3 days
*Esther approaches king & invites him & Haman for dinner (twice)
*King rewards Mordecai for previous act
*Esther reveals Haman's evil plan at dinner.
*King orders Haman hung on gallows prepared for Mordecai.
*Mordecai becomes Haman's successor
*Second order: Jews allowed to defend themselves.
*Feast of Purim instated ('pur' or 'lot' cast for date of Jews' extermination)

Nehemiah Commissioned to Rebuild Walls of Jerusalem: Nehemiah 2

445 BCE

445 BC: Opposition To Rebuilding of Walls: Nehemiah 4-7

444 BCE

*surrounding people opposed to wall
*Jews divided themselves in half: some to build & some to guard wall.

445 BC: Wall Completed: Nehemiah 8-12

442 BCE

*Ezra leads Book of the Law to the people
*People celebrate for 7 days.
*People confess & recommit to God
*Wall dedicated to God