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*God created the universe from nothing & without assistance
*Creation declared 'good'
*Humanity created in God's image & for relationship with Him
*Contrast with Ancient Near Easter Creation accounts: typically humanity created as a slave force for the gods (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 55). -
Record of Adam’s line: Seth, Enosh, Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared, Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech, Noah, Shem/Ham/Japheth
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*Description of the Garden: Rivers of Pishon (in land of Havilah), Gihon (in land of Cush), Tigris (East side of Asher), Euphrates
*Creation unblemished by sin
*Intimate relationship between God & humanity -
*Moral failure of humankind
*Role of Satan 'the deceiver' in the fall of humanity
*Loss of innocence and introduction of shame & guilt
*Loss of continuous access to God's presence
*Consequence of pain, disease, death -
Cain murders Abel: sin moves from thought to action (Genesis 4:7)
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God rescues Noah & his family from judgement (the flood)
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*shift from a message of sin & failure to hope (through the line of Shem/Terah/Abram)
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*God promises to never again flood the earth.
*God re-emphasizes the sanctity of human life (& commands His people not to eat meat with blood in it).
*God re-emphasizes His command to "be fruitful."
*Ham dishonours his father and is cursed by him. -
*Classified the nations of the world under Noah’s sons (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 59)
*Japeth (Japhethites): inhabited mostly the Mediterranean Islands & Asia Minor (pg. 59)
*Ham: Cush (Nimrod-Babylon, Assyria, Ninevah), Egypt (e.g. Kasluhites: Philistines), Put & Canaan (e.g. Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites). Hostile relationships with Israel.
*Shem (Semites): line through which God addressed the sin problem (pg. 59). -
*People build a tower to 'make a name for themselves.'
*Ancient Mesopotamian temple complexes had stepped towers (ziggurats) e.g. in Babylon (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 59)
*A reflection of pride & rebellion against God
*God brings confusion of speech & the dispersion of humanity. -
*Abram's father (Terah), from Ur of the Chaldeans, settles in Haran (modern Syria).
*God calls Abram to travel to a land He will show him.
*God promises land & descendants, and that "all the people on Earth will be blessed through (him)." -
*Abram pretends Sarai is his sister and brings trouble on Pharoah's household.
*Pharoah asks Abram to leave, & he does so with increased wealth. -
*Lot chooses the Plain of the Jordan (near Sodom).
*Abram chooses the land of Canaan, & God promises it to his descendents. -
*King of Sodom, King of Gomorrah, King of Admah, King of Zeboyim, and King of Bela march against King of Elam, King of Goyim, King of Shinar, and King of Ellasar (in the Valley of Siddim)
*The four kings capture goods of Sodom & Gomorrah and carry off Lot (from Sodom)
*Abram takes his men and rescues Lot, his family, and others
*Abram refuses spoils from the king of Sodom -
*God promises Abram land, an heir and offspring as countless as the stars
*God ‘cuts covenant’ with Abram
*God warns of 400 years of enslavement, but promises Abram’s ancestors will return to the land -
*Sarai gives Hagar (slave) to Abram so they might have an heir
*Hagar conceives, & Sarai mistreats her.
*Hagar runs away, & an angel appears to her in the desert (beside the road to Shur)
*The angel tells her to go back. He promises her numerous descendants.
*Angel gives her child the name Ishmael.
*The place where Hagar meets God: “Beer Lahai Roi” (between Kadesh & Bered) -
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*God changes Abram’s name to Abraham (“father of many nations”)
*God determines circumcision as a sign of his covenant with Abraham.
*God changes Sarai’s name to ‘Sarah’
*God promises a son within a year and calls him “Isaac” -
*Three ‘heavenly’ visitors promise a child within a year. One of the visitors warns of Sodom’s destruction
*Abraham pleads for the salvation of the righteous, and ‘the Lord’ agrees to save the city ‘for the sake of 10’
*God destroys Sodom and Gomorrah, but rescues Lot & his daughters. Lot’s wife looks back and is killed.
*Lot’s oldest daughter has Moab (leads to the Moabites).
*Lot’s youngest daughter has Ben-Ammi (leads to the Ammonites) -
*Abraham moves to the region of the Negev (between Kadesh & Shur)
*Abraham stays in Gerar and introduces Sarah as his sister.
*King of Gerar (Abimelech) takes Sarah, but God warns him in a dream to return her.
*Abraham leaves with sheep, cattle, slaves -
*Abraham's heir, Isaac, born
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*Tension between Hagar & Sarah
*Abraham decides to send Hagar away.
*God appears to Hagar and Ishmael in the desert, gives them water, & promises to make him a ‘great nation.’ -
- God asks Abraham to sacrifice Isaac, and Abraham obeys in faith. *God stops Abraham and promises “I will provide the sacrifice.”
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*Sarah dies at Kiriath Area (Hebron) in the land of Canaan.
*Abraham buys land from Ephron the Hittite to bury Sarah
*Sarah is buried in a cave in the field of Machpelah near Mamre (Hebron) -
*Abraham sends a servant to find a wife for Isaac
*The servant finds Rebekah in the town of Nahor (She offers the servant water for his camels).
*“Daughter of Bethuel son of Milkah (who was the wife of Abraham’s brother Nahor)”
*Rebekah’s brother: Laban
*Rebekah returns with the servant & marries Isaac -
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*Abraham dies, and Isaac & Ishmael bury him with Sarah in the field of Ephron.
*Ishmael’s sons: Nebaioth, Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, Kedemah (12 tribal rulers)
*Ishmael’s descendents settle in area from Havilah to Shur, near the Eastern border of Egypt. Live in hostility towards neighbours. *Abraham’s family through his wife Keturah: Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Median, Ishbak, Shuah. -
*Esau is hungry & sells his birthright to Jacob for stew
*God appears to Isaac in a dream at Beersheba.
*Isaac builds an altar. -
*Jacob pretends to be Esau (covers himself in hair) & takes the blessing from Isaac.
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*Esau is angry, & Jacob runs away to Haran.
*Jacob dreams of a ladder going up to Heaven.
*God reconfirms His covenant with Jacob & promises to bring him back to the land.
*Jacob promises one tenth of all he owns to God.
*Jacob lives with uncle & is tricked into marrying Laban's older daughter, Leah. -
*Rachel is promised to Jacob, in exchange for 7 more years working for Laban
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*Leah: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun (daughter Dinah)
*Zilpah (Leah's servant): Gad, Asher
*Bilah (Rachel's servant): Dan, Naphtali
*Rachel: Joseph & Benjamin -
*Jacob leaves with his family.
*Laban catches up & accuses Jacob of stealing his household god, but the two make a covenant at Mizpah -
*Jacob sends gifts ahead for Esau.
*Jacob wrestles with God, and God changes his name to "Israel."
*Jacob & Esau are reunited.
*Jacob settles in Shechem.
*Esau goes back to Seir. -
*Dinah is raped by Shechem.
*Jacob’s sons agree to their wedding in exchange for their circumcision. They agree, and Simeon & Levi murder every male in the city while they are recovering (34). -
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*Jacob's son Joseph has dreams.
*Dream 1: Joseph's brothers' sheaves bow down to his.
*Dream 2: The sun, moon, and eleven stars bow down to him.
*Reuben convinces his brothers not to kill him.
*Judah suggests they sell him to Midianites.
*Joseph is taken to Egypt. -
*Joseph prospers while working for Potiphar.
*Joseph refuses Potiphar's wife, & he is accused of impropriety.
*Joseph is imprisoned. -
*Joseph interprets the cupbearer and baker's dreams while in prison.
*The cupbearer is reinstated, and the baker is executed. -
*The cupbearer recommends Joseph to Pharoah when Pharoah has a dream.
*Joseph warns of 7 years of plenty & 7 years of famine.
*Pharaoh puts Joseph in charge of storing up food throughout Egypt, & Joseph Prospers. -
*Joseph detains Simeon.
*Joseph's brothers return with Benjamin.
*Benjamin accused of stealing a silver cup.
*Judah offers himself in his brother's place.
*Joseph reveals his identity & sends for his father, Jacob
*Jacob & his family settle in Goshen. -
*Jacob takes Joseph's sons, Ephraim & Manasseh, as his own (ie. includes them in God's promised blessings)
*Jacob breaks with tradition by blessing the younger (Ephraim) over Manasseh.
*Jacob prophesies that a great ruler will come from Judah's line.
*Jacob is buried in Canaan in the field of Ephron the Hittite (burial place of Abraham & Sarah/Isaac & Rebekah/Leah) -
*Joseph requests that his bones be buried in his homeland.
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*Pharoah orders every firstborn Hebrew male murdered.
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*Pharoah orders male Hebrew infants killed (a threat)
*Moses is hidden in a basket & sent down the Nile.
*Pharoah's daughter finds Moses & adopts him. -
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*Moses tending flock of father in law (Jethro, priest of Midian), & he encounters God @ Horeb.
*God promises that He will rescue His people & bring them to the Promised Land.
*God gives Aaron to help Moses. -
*Pharoah refuses & increases their workload.
*The people complain, Moses goes to God, and God encourages him. -
*plagues: blood (the Nile), frogs, gnats, flies, death of livestock, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, death of every firstborn.
*Intention: to teach Israelites & Egyptians about sovereignty of God vs. Egypt's god-king (Yahweh in control of cosmic order)
*Each home ordered to slaughter a lamb without defect, mark their door frame with hyssop/blood, & eat the meat with bitter herbs/unleavened bread
*Instructions for Passover given.
*Israelites ordered to leave/take articles from Egypt. -
*God orders Israelites to consecrate their firstborn, in memory of God's salvation.
*Moses carries Joseph's bones.
*God guides them with pillar of cloud by day & pillar of fire by night.
*Pharoah reaches Israelites, camped at Ball Zephon by the Red Sea.
*God parts the Red Sea so Israelites can cross.
*Pharoah's army becomes stuck & is drowned by the sea. -
*Israelites travel through the Desert of Shur. They find bitter water at Marah, and they complain.
*God directs Moses to throw a piece of wood into the water, & they drink it.
*They camp at Elim, near twelve springs & 70 palm trees.
*Israelites reach the Desert of Sin & complain.
*God sends quail at night and mana in the morning.
*Israelites camp at Rephidim & complain. Moses strikes a rock, and water comes.
*Joshua fights Amalekites, while Moses holds up his staff (with Aaron & Hur) -
*Moses's father in law (Jethro) visits Moses & suggests that Moses share the task of being judge for the people.
*Israelites reach the Desert of Sinai & camp in front of the mountain.
*God descends on Mount Sinai in a cloud.
*God warns the people not to touch the mountain, but He invites Moses to ascend & meet Him. -
*God gives Moses & the Israelites the Ten Commandments.
*Israelites are told how to apply the Law to life ("casuistic law")
*Moses leads nation in covenant ceremony "binding God & nation together" (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 81).
*Moses sprinkles blood on the alter, reads Book of the Covenant, & sprinkles blood on the people. -
*Israelites instructed to:
-collect offerings for the Tabernacle
-build the Ark of the Covenant
-include the Table, Lamp stand, altar, courtyard, oil, priestly garments, altar of incense, offering, laver -
*Moses speaks to God on behalf of the people.
*Moses breaks the tablets, grinds the calf into powder, & makes the people drink it.
*The Levites kill Israelites.
*God strikes the people with a plague.
*Moses meets God @ The Tent of Meeting and at Mount Sinai.
*God reiterates His commands. Moses shines with God's glory & needs to be veiled. -
*God chooses Bezalel of the tribe of Judah to design the tabernacle (with the help of Oholiab of the tribe of Dan)
*Aaron & sons consecrated for the priesthood.
*God's glory fills the tabernacle.
*Whenever the cloud lifts, Israelites set out. -
*Five types of sacrifices:
-Burnt offering: male without blemish burned on the altar
-Cereal offering: used by those who couldn't afford an animal
-Peace offering: celebrative offering consumed by humans
-Sin offering: for offences against God (priest, congregation, ruler & individual)
-Guilt offering: focus on restitution & reparation, usually deals with sacred items & social violations -
*ordination & installation of priesthood
*consequences of improper priestly activity
*Aaron's sons, Nadab & Abihu, offer a sacrifice improperly & are consumed. -
*Dealt with practical issues: food, childbirth, skin & fungus diseases, bodily discharges (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 59).
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*annual time for purging sin and uncleanness un-atoned for during the year (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 96)
*atonement for high priest, sanctuary & people
*High priest entered 'Holy of Holies' to make atonement for himself and nation
*For Christians, new High Priest made the final atonement with His blood (pg. 96).
*'scapegoat' (goat) sent into wilderness to symbolize removal of nation's sin -
*prescribes the way of holiness (e.g. sexual purity, observance of sacred holidays, fair treatment of the poor) (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 96)
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*Moses takes a census of Israelite clans & families, with the help of Aaron and the leaders of their ancestral tribes
*Levites responsible for the Tabernacle (counted separately)
*Camps arranged & 'redemption money' collected
*Tasks for caring of Tabernacle:
-Kohathites: most holy things
-Gershonites: curtains & coverings
*Merarites: frames of tabernacle & posts of courtyards -
*Laws, priestly blessing, consecration of tabernacle
*Leader of each tribe brings offering
*ceremonial purification of Levites
*God speaks to Moses above the Ark of the Covenant -
*When the cloud lifts from the Tabernacle, the Israelites move
*Trumpet blast used to set out & for worship (and for future battles) -
*People complain, & God consumes those on the outskirts of camp.
*Moses prays, & God relents.
*God sends quail in from the sea.
*Moses complains, & 70 leaders are chosen to support him.
*God sends a plagues as punishment
*Miriam & Aaron complain against Moses, & God appears to affirm his leadership.
*Miriam is afflicted with leprosy, & Moses intercedes.
*Miriam stays outside the camp for 7 day before returning
*Israelites move camp to Desert of Paran. -
*12 spies: Shammua, Shaphat, Caleb (tribe of Judah), Igal, Hoshea (Joshua, tribe of Ephraim), Palti, Gaddiel, Gaddi, Ammiel, Sethur, Nahbi, Geuel
*Only Joshua & Caleb agree to enter the land.
*Israelites are afraid & want to choose a new leader/go back to Egypt
*God appears at the Tabernacle, & Moses intercedes
*Punishment: 40 years in wilderness
*Israelites enter Canaan, & lose battle to Amalekites & Canaanites at Hormah -
*Korah, Dathan, Abiram, & On & 250 community leaders rise up against Moses & Aaron
*Moses tells them to gather & burn incense before God.
*God says He will destroy everyone except Moses & Aaron, but Moses and Aaron intercede
*God tells Moses to have people move away from tents of Korah, Dathan & Abiram
*Three men & families swallowed up by the earth. 250 men consumed by fire.
*Israelites complain, & God sends a plague.
*Aaron offers incense & makes atonement. -
*Moses takes a staff from each of the tribes (with the name of the leader on it).
*Moses puts their staffs and Aaron's in the Tent of the Meeting, in front of the Ark of the Covenant Law.
*Aaron's staff buds & produces almonds
*Aaron's staff kept there as a reminder of God's choice -
*Miriam dies & is buried at Kadesh in the Desert of Zin.
*Israelites complain, & God tells Moses to speak to a rock, and He will bring water out of it.
*Moses addresses the crowd & strikes the rock instead. Water gushes out.
*God tells Moses he will not enter the Promised Land because of his disobedience.
*Israelites avoid war with Edom
*Moses takes Aaron and Aaron's son Eleazar up Mount Hor
*Moses puts Aaron's garments on his son.
*Aaron dies -
*Canaanite King of Arad attacks Israelites & takes captives. Israelites call out to God & defeat enemy/take towns @ Hormah.
*Israelites travel from Mount Hor around Edom, & Israelites become impatient/complain
*God sends venomous snakes.
*God tells Moses to make a snake & put it on a pole. All who look to the snake live.
*Israelites defeat Sihon, King of Amorites at Jahaz (takes Heshbon and surrounding territory)
*Israelites defeat Og, King of Bashan at Edrei -
*Israelites camp in Plains of Moab
*Balak, ruler of Moab, enlists professional magician to curse Israel (Balaam of N. Mesopotamia)
*Balaam's donkey recognizes the angel first. The angel tells him to pronounce a blessing instead.
*Spirit of God comes on Balaam, & he pronounces blessings on Israel. -
*While staying at Shittim, Israelites mix with Moabite women & engage in idol worship
*God brings a plague.
*Eleazar the Priest kills an Israelite man (Zimri) with his Moabite woman, & the plague stops -
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*God calls Moses up a mountain in the Abarim Range & shows him the Promised Land.
*God chooses Joshua to lead Israel
*Joshua is commissioned before Eleazar the priest & the assembly. -
*Israelites attack & defeat Midianites
*Gadites, Reubenites, & tribe of Manasseh are given kingdom of Sihon (king of Amorites) & kingdom of Og (king of Bashan)
*Descendents of Makir son of Manasseh capture Gilead & drive out Amorites -
*Land allotted to tribes, except tribes of Reuben, Gad, & Manasseh (received their portion across from Jericho, E. of the Jordan).
*Those given the task of allotment: Eleazar the priest, Joshua, & one man from each tribe
*9 1/2 tribes apportioned land.
*Levites given 48 towns & 6 cities of refuge (for those who kill someone accidently)
*Moses declares that no inheritance may pass from one tribe to another. -
*Israelites gather at Moab, East of the Jordan.
*Moses recounts God's acts on behalf of Israel, from Sinai to Moab
*Reminding them of God's nature as Saviour and Protector -
*Moses re-states the covenant laws from Exodus 20-23.
*Applies the Ten Commandments to their new lives in the Promised Land.
*Covenant faithfulness isn't just for religious observances, but also for every day life
*The 'Shema' (Deuteronomy 6:4) -
*Moses gives instructions for covenant renewal ceremony in Promised Land.
*Will build an altar & memorial at Shechem. Divide tribes between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, & have people recommit themselves to God's covenant (Levites sing warnings about breaking covenant).
*Doctrine of retribution (Deuteronomic Theology) (ch. 28)
*Prophesies disobedience, exile, & return to land
*Confirms Joshua at the Tabernacle
*Law given to Levites & kept in ark of covenant (to be read every 7 years) -
*Song of Moses
*Moses blesses each tribe.
*Moses climbs Mount Nebo, views the Promised Land, and dies. -
*God's instructions to Joshua: focus on the task (leading people into the land), remember his heritage & meditate on God's Word, remember God's presence (God was with him) (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 145).
*Joshua enlists help of tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh (on the Jordan's East side) -
*Rahab the prostitute hides the spies & makes a covenant with them (protection for her and her family)
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*Levitical priests cross with the ark of the covenant, & the Jordan River stops flowing (piles up at town of Adam in Zarethan).
*Israelites cross over.
*A man from each tribe carries a stone over (12 stones in total) as a memorial
*When priests cross over, water flow continues.
*Israelites reach Plains of Jericho & camp at Gilgal
*Israelites re-implement circumcision & celebrate Passover
*Joshua receives encouraging visit from heavenly messenger. -
*Jericho: Israelites march around city once a day for 6 days (with priests & ark of the covenant leading). On day 7 Israelites march around 7 times, and city falls.
*Rahab hangs cord out her window, & her family is saved. Rahab becomes ancestor of Jesus.
*Achan keeps plunder from Jericho, & Israelites are defeated at Ai. Achan & family killed, & Israel defeats Ai.
*Israelites renew covenant at Mounts Ebal & Gerizim.
*Gibeonite delegation tricks Israelites at Gilgal. Covenant made. -
*Southern Canaan's kings attack Gibeon (didn't like the treaty with Israel)
*Israel supports Gibeon: God brings hailstones on enemies & answers Joshua's prayer to make the sun stand still (in the enemies' eyes all day) (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 148).
*Israelites defeat Makkedah, Libnah, Lachish, Horam, Eglon, Hebron, Debir.
*Take region from Kadesh Barnea to Gaza, and from Goshen to Gibeon. -
*Israelites attacked by coalition: kings of Hazor, Madon, Shimron, Akshaph. Northern kings in the mountains, in the Arabah, in Western Foothills, in Naphoth Dor. Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Jebusites, Hivites.
*Israelites defeated them at Waters of Merom to Valley of Mizpah.
*Began period of peace. -
*Canaanites remain in remote areas.
*Caleb requests Hebron & drives out inhabitants.
*Judah not able to dislodge the Jebusites.
*Ephraim & Manasseh can't dislodge the Canaanites in Gezer.
*Influence of foreign nations would lead Israelites astray.
*Israelites gather at Shiloh, organize a census, & cast lots for land.
*6 Cities of Refuge designated (for those who kill unintentionally).
*Levites given 48 towns -
*Tribes of Reuben, Gad & Manasseh build an altar, & Eleazor's son (Phinehas) leads a delegation to investigate.
*Western tribes prepare for war, but three tribes explain it was a monument to God (misunderstanding). -
*Two speeches: Joshua reminds Israel of Israel's history & God's provision. He exhorts them to commit themselves to the Lord.
*Joshua erects a stone as a sign of the people's commitment to serve God.
*Joshua dies & is buried.
*Joseph's bones and Eleazar's body is buried. -
*Israelites live among Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites & Jebusites.
*Israelites intermarry & serve neighbours' gods (e.g. Baal)
*God raises up 12 judges (military leaders empowered for tasks of deliverance & to restore justice) (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 157)
*God delivers Israelites, & they fall into sin after each period of restoration. -
*Othniel: Defeats king of Aram Naharaim (Israel subjugated for 8 years & at peace for 40 years)
*Ehud: Defeats Eglon, King of Moab (Israel subjugated for 18 years & at peace for 80 years)
*Shamgar: strikes down 600 Philistines
*Deborah: A prophet who holds court under the Palm of Deborah between Ramah & Bethel (Ephraim). Sisera (commander of King Jabin's army) oppresses Israelites for 20 years. Deborah calls Barak to fight. Sisera killed by Jael, wife of Heber the Kenite. -
Gideon:
*Israelites oppressed by Midianites for 7 years.
*Angel appears to Gideon at Ophrah & calls him to fight.
*God gives him a sign: consumes meat & unleavened bread.
*Gideon breaks down Baal's altar.
*Gideon meets Midianites at Valley of Jezreel. God performs a sign using fleece.
*God removes men from Gideon's army (those who are afraid and those who drink with their hands).
*Gideon attacks with trumpets & jars, and Midianites are defeated. -
*Tola (23 years), Jair (22 years), Jephthah (defeats Amonites), Ibzan (7 years), Elon (10 years), Abdon (8 years)
*Samson (father Manoah) a Nazirite. Defeats a lion at Timnah. Sends foxes with torches on tails through Philistine's grain. Kills men with a donkey's jawbone. Leads Israel for 20 years, but is betrayed by Delilah (His hair is cut & he is captured). Brings pillars down on the Philistines. -
*Judah defeats Canaanites & Perizzites at Bezek, in the hill country, the Negev & the Western Foothills. Canaanites in Hebron & Debir.
*Defeats Canaanites in Zephath (with Simeonites), Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ekron.
*Tribes of Joseph take Bethel
*Tribes of Manasseh, Ephraim, Zebulun, Asher, Naphtali can't drive out Canaanites -
*Micah (from Ephraim) has an idol made & takes in a Levite from Bethlehem in Judah as his own priest.
*Five men from tribe of Danites steal his idol and invite Levite to join them.
*Men attack Laish and set up city of Dan. Continue to use the idol. -
*Levite's concubine is raped by men of Gibeah (Ephraim). He sends 12 body parts throughout Israel.
*Israel orders tribe of Benjamin to turn over the men of Gibeah, and they refuse.
*Israel attacks Benjamin, & after multiple battles Israel wins.
*Israel builds an altar at Mizpah, & Jabesh Gilead doesn't come.
*Israel makes peace with Benjamin & gives the women of Jabesh Gilead to the Benjaminites (captures them during a festival).
*Focus of covenant unfaithfulness/lawlessness. -
*Naomi & Elimelech move to Moab because of a famine in Israel. Two sons marry Moabite women (Naomi & Orpah).
*Elimelech & sons die.
*Naomi moves back to Bethlehem, & Ruth follows.
*Ruth gleans in family's fields (Boaz).
*Ruth offers herself in marriage.
*Boaz gives a younger 'kinsman redeemer' first refusal.
*Ruth & Boaz marry & have a son (Obed, father of Jesse, father of David)
*Themes: sovereignty of God, faithfulness of individuals. God's covenant not limited by gender/race. -
*Elkanah (Levite from Ephraim) has two wives: Peninnah & Hannah.
*Hannah isn't able to conceive, so she prays for a son at Shiloh & vows to dedicate him to God as a Nazirite.
*Eli the priest blesses her.
*Hannah conceives & takes Samuel to live with Eli at the temple (after the baby is weaned) -
*God calls to Samuel at night three times. When God calls a fourth time, Samuel invites God to speak to him.
*God tells Samuel that Eli's house will end because of his sons' sin & his enabling.
*God confirms a prophesy given earlier (that sons Hophni & Phinehas would die on the same day, and God would raise up a new priest: 1 Samuel 2). -
*Philistines settle along Judean coastline (controlled international coastal highway). Camp at Aphek. Risk of pushing eastward & cutting Israel's territory in half. (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 173).
*Israelites attack at Ebenezer & lose. Take ark of the covenant into second battle & lose again.
*Ark of the covenant captured, & Hophni & Phinehas killed.
*Eli hears the news, falls off his chair, and dies.
*Wife of Phinehas goes into premature labor & dies. -
*Philistines bring ark to Ashdod & put it in the temple of god Dagon.
*Idol falls down in front of the ark twice & breaks.
*God sends plagues against Ashdod and its territories
*Philistines send ark on a cart hitched to two milk cows (calves back in stall). Cows go straight to Beth-Shemesh.
*People of Beth-Shemesh don't show respect to the ark, & God sends a plague.
*People give ark to Kiriath-Jearim (Eleazar guards it).
*Israelites repent at Mizpah & defeat Philistines. -
*Saul's sons (Joel & Abijah) are corrupt leaders.
*Israelites meet Samuel at Ramah & ask for a king. Samuel warns against it.
*God tells Samuel He will send him a Benjaminite king.
*Saul looking for father's donkeys
*Samuel invites him to dine at high place
*Samuel anoints him & prophesies
*Donkeys found, offering at Tree of Tabor, procession of prophets at Gibeah
*Spirit comes on Saul, & he prophesies
*Defeats Ammonites at Jabesh Gilead
*Made king at Gilgal -
*Jonathan attacks Philistine outpost at Geba.
*Philistines assemble to fight.
*Saul waits for Samuel at Gilgal for 7 days, then makes the offering himself.
*Samuel rebukes Saul & prophesies he will lose his kingdom. -
*Saul orders that no one eats until they have victory.
*Israelites strike down Philistines from Mikmash to Aijalon.
*Jonathan eats honey.
*Men are so hungry they eat sheep/cattle etc. with the blood still in it (sin)
*Saul builds an altar and inquires of the Lord whether to pursue Philistines. God doesn't answer.
*Saul finds out Jonathan's secret, but Jonathan's men save him.
*Israelites withdraw.
*Saul's military success: Moab, Ammonites, Edom, Zobah, Philistines, Amalekites. -
*God orders Israelites to attack Amalekites & destroy everything.
*Israelites spare King Agag & the best of his sheep and cattle.
*Saul sets up a monument in his honor at Carmel and goes to Gilgal.
*God tells Samuel of disobedience.
*Saul tells Samuel he has sacrificed the cattle to God.
*Samuel: God will take away his kingdom.
*Saul asks forgiveness
*Samuel joins him to worship and kills King Agag.
*Samuel remains at Ramah & Saul at Gibeah. Samuel doesn't visit him again. -
*Samuel anoints David, son of Jesse, in Bethlehem.
*God's Spirit comes on David.
*An evil spirit comes on Saul.
*Saul's servants recommend David to play the lyre for him at court, to calm him. -
*Philistines push eastward from Ekron & Gath. Israelites move westward to mountain overlooking Elah Valley, to protect two east-west highways (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 176).
*Goliath issues challenges to Israelites for 40 days.
*David arrives to check on his brothers.
*David accepts challenge, kills Goliath with a slingshot, & cuts off his head.
*Philistines flee, & Israelites pursue them to Ekron & Gath.
*Themes: protecting God's honor & having faith in His strength. -
*David has military success, & Saul becomes jealous.
*Saul throws spear at David multiple times.
*Saul gives daughter Michal to David.
*Saul plans to kill David, but Michal and Jonathan protect him. David runs to Samuel at Ramah.
*Jonathan and David make covenant.
*Jonathan sends a sign (arrows), & David runs away.
*David runs to Ahimelek, Priest of Nob. Ahimelek gives him & his men consecrated bread, and David Goliath's spear.
*David runs to Achish, King of Gath, and feigns madness. -
*David escapes to cave of Adullam & becomes commander of 400 men.
*David goes to Mizpah & Forest of Hereth (in Judah)
*Saul calls the priests of Nob & has Doeg the Edomite kill them.
*Saul's men attack the town of Nob & slay everyone
*Abiathar (son of Ahimelek) escapes & tells David
*David defeats Philistines at Keilah
*David runs to Desert of Ziph, & Jonathan/David make a covenant
*Ziphites betray David, but Saul is called away from Desert of Maon (Philistines)
*David goes to En Gedi. -
*Saul looks for David in Desert of En Gedi.
*Saul relieves himself in cave, & David cuts off a piece of his robe.
*Saul feels guilty/asks David not to wipe out his line.
*Samuel dies, & David goes to Desert of Paran.
*Nabal refuses supplies to David's men, but Nabal's wife (Abigail) avoids bloodshed by meeting David with gifts.
*Nabal dies, & Abigail marries David.
*Saul pursues David in Desert of Ziph. David takes his spear/jug while he sleeps.
*Saul feels guilty, & they go in peace. -
*David flees to Achish (King of Gath) & is given Ziklag
*David pretends to fight for them
*Saul sets up camp at Gilboa and sees Philistines.
*Saul asks medium to bring up Samuel from death, & Samuel predicts Saul's/his sons' deaths.
*Achish sends David home from battle
*Ziklag attacked by Amalekites, & David rescues families
*David sends plunder to elders of Judah
*Saul & sons killed by Philistines on Mount Gilboa
*People of Jabesh Gilead take bodies from Beth Shan to Jabesh. -
*David mourns death of Saul & Jonathan and orders death of Amalekite who claimed to kill Saul.
*David anointed king of Judah at Hebron.
*Saul's relative & general (Abner) crowns Saul's son (Ishbosheth) king over Israel.
*Abner deserts to David's side, but Joab (David's nephew & general) kills Abner.
*Baanah & Rechab (Ishbosheth's commanders) fear losing, so they kill Ishbosheth & bring his head to David.
*David has them executed.
(Arnold & Beyer, pg. 186) -
*David anointed king at Hebron.
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*David invades Jerusalem (Jebusites) and moves capital from Hebron to Jerusalem.
*Makes covenant with Hiram, king of Tyre. Hiram builds him a palace in Jerusalem.
*David defeats Philistines at Baal-Perazim, then from Geba to Gezer.
*Israelites push Philistines back to coast.
*(Arnold & Beyer, pg. 187) -
*David fetches ark from house of Abinadab. Uzzah touches ark & is struck dead. David takes ark to house of Obed-Edom, then to Jerusalem.
*David dances, & Michal despises him.
*David wants to build a house for God, but Nathan tells him his son will. Nathan prophesies that David's house will reign forever. -
*David defeats Philistines, Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, Arameans. Takes tribute from Moabites, Arameans.
*David shows kindness to Jonathan's son, Mephibosheth (gives him Saul's land & has him eat at king's table). -
*David sins with Bathsheba, wife of Uriah the Hittite, & she becomes pregnant.
*David tries to get Uriah to stay with his wife (twice). When this fails, David orders Joab to place Uriah in the middle of the hottest fighting & withdraw. Uriah dies.
*David takes Bathsheba as his wife.
*Nathan confronts David & prophesies their child will die.
*David repents. God forgives him, & Bathsheba later conceives again (Solomon). -
*Amnon rapes Tamar (half-sister) & refuses to marry her.
*Absalom (Tamar's brother) hosts a party & has Amnon killed. Absalom flees to Geshur.
*Three years later, Absalom allowed to return to Jerusalem.
*Two years later, Absalom invited to the palace. -
*Absalom wins over people by hearing their complaints at the city gate.
*Absalom goes to Hebron & sends instructions to shout "Absalom is king in Hebron."
*David flees Jerusalem, but sends Hushai (servant) to be his spy.
*Ahihophel (Absalom's counselor) advises immediate attack. Hushai advises delay & sends word to David.
*David divides troops into three & defeats Absalom's troops.
*Absalom gets stuck in a tree & is killed by Joab's men.
*Sheba (Benjaminite) rebels and loses (972 BC) -
*Saul had broken covenant with Gibeonites, leading to famine.
*David offers to make restitution, & Gibeonites ask to hang 7 of Saul's sons (Arnold & Beyer, pg. 193).
*David battles Philistines.
*David takes a census of his men, showing lack of faith. Given a choice by prophet Gad: famine, flight before enemies, or pestilence.
*David leaves decision to God.
*God sends plague, & David sacrifices on land of Araunah the Jebusite (refuses free use).
*Threshing floor later site of temple. -
*When David is old, his son Adonijah becomes impatient & claims the throne. Bathsheba & Nathan speak on Solomon's behalf.
*David has Zadok the priest & Nathan the prophet anoint Solomon king at Gihon
*David dies. -
*(Solomon marries daughter of Pharoah)
*Solomon goes to offer sacrifices at Gibeon & has a dream.
*God tells Solomon to ask for anything, & Solomon asks for wisdom to rule. God is pleased & grants his request, along with wealth and honor.
*Solomon resolves a dispute between two prostitutes over a baby. -
*Solomon enlists help of Hiram, King of Tyre to build the temple (pays his men to cut and transport cedar logs).
*Solomon conscripts labor from all over Israel.
*Solomon builds the temple and palace. Enlists Huram to make temple furnishings.
*Israelites bring ark into the Most Holy Place (with stone tablets), & Solomon dedicates the temple with sacrifices.
*God speaks to Solomon & reminds him to follow Him (re-affirms covenant). -
*Solomon marries many foreign women (Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians & Hittites).
*Solomon offers sacrifices to foreign gods. As a consequence, God says his son will lose the kingdom. But God will leave him one tribe. -
*Jeroboam in charge of labor force of tribe of Joseph. Prophet Ahijah tells him God will take the kingdom from Solomon's son & give Jeroboam 10 tribes.
*Jeroboam has to run from Solomon.
*Solomon dies, & Solomon's son (Rehoboam) comes to the throne.
*Rehoboam doesn't listen to the people & makes work harder.
*Israelites make Jeroboam king (except tribe of Judah)
*Shemaiah tells everyone to go home & not fight.
*Kingdom split between North and South (Israel & Judah) -
*Jeroboam sets up golden calves at Bethel & Dan, so people won't go south to worship (Jerusalem).
*Jeroboam condemned by two prophets (Ahijjah)
*Rehoboam (Judah) practices apostasy.
*Warfare between two kingdoms.
*Rehoboam dies, and Abijah replaces him (idol worship).
*King Asa (Judah) follows God. Baasha (Israel) claims Ramah, & Judah gets King of Damascus to invade Israel.
*Omri (Israel) sets Samaria as capital & worships gods. Marries son Ahab to princess of Sidon (Jezebel) -
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*King Ahab (Israel) set up altar to Baal in Samaria.
*Prophet Elijah prophesies drought & hides in the Kerith Ravine. God uses ravens to supply him with food. When brook dries up, God directs him to widow in Zarephath.
*God makes widow's flour and oil last.
*Elijah challenges prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel, & God shows his power by burning up the sacrifice.
*Elijah flees Jezebel, & an angel provides food & drink. God directs him to Damascus, & he gives his cloak to Elisha. -
*Ahab defeats Ben-Hadad twice & lets him live. Makes a treaty.
*Ahab condemned for disobeying God's order. -
*Ahab asks for Naboth's vineyard, but Naboth refuses.
*Jezebel arranges for accusations against Naboth, & Naboth is stoned.
*Ahab & Jezebel take the vineyard.
*Elijah confronts Ahab & prophesies that God will bring disaster on his house. -
*Ahab enlists help of King of Judah (Jehoshaphat) in deciding whether to attack Ramoth Gilead.
*All Ahab's prophets predict victory except one: Micaiah.
*Micaiah predicts disaster & is imprisoned.
*Israel & Judah go to war against Ramoth Gilead, & Ahab is killed (prophesy fulfilled).
*Ahaziah, son of Ahab, becomes king & practices apostasy.
*Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, follows God, but doesn't remove high places -
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*Moab rebels against Israel
*Ahaziah is injured, so sends messengers to Philistia to ask Baal-zebub about health. Elijah intercepts messengers.
*Ahaziah attempts to capture Elijah, & 100 men killed.
*Elijah goes to Ahaziah & prophesies that his injury will be fatal. -
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*Elijah & Elisha go to Bethel, Jericho, & Jordan.
*With 50 prophets watching, Elijah strikes the Jordan with his cloak, & the water parts.
*Elisha requests a double portion of his spirit (to be his successor)
*chariot of fire & horses brings Elijah up to Heaven
*Elisha strikes water with Elijah's cloak, & water parts. Confirmation of mantle passing to him. -
*Elisha heals water & curses mockers.
*Mesha, King of Moab, rebels against Joram, son of Ahab. Joram enlists help of Jehoshaphat. Elisha prophesies victory.
*Elisha provides oil for a widow.
*Elisha prophesies birth of woman's son & brings him back to life. Multiplies food to feed 100.
*Elisha heals Naaman of leprosy (commander of King of Aram). Tells him to wash 7 times in the Jordan. Elisha's servant (Gehazi) takes payment & is struck with leprosy.
*Makes an axe head float. -
*Elisha knows King of Aram's plans & tells Israelites.
*King of Aram goes to Dothan to capture Elisha.
*Elisha asks God to open his servant's eyes, & servant sees horses & chariots of fire.
*Elisha prays blindness on army, feeds them, and sends them home. -
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*Ben-Hadad, King of Aram, lays siege to Samaria & there's famine in the city.
*Elisha prophesies, & God causes Arameans to hear sounds of a great army. Arameans flee, & Israelites have victory.
*Elisha predicts Ben-Hadad's death (King of Aram) & Hazael's asension to throne.
*Elisha commissions prophet to anoint Jehu (commander of Israelite army) to destroy Ahab's house.
*Hazael of Syria captures territory of Jehu & Shalmaneser 3rd of Assyria collects tribute -
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*Jehu kills Ahaziah of Judah (alliance between N & S)
*Daughter of Ahab, Athaliah, tries to end line in Jerusalem in revenge for slaughter in N. King's son Joash kept in hiding. Chief priest orchestrates revolt & puts Joash on throne.
*Joash invades Jerusalem (Amaziah) & plunders temple.
*Jeroboam 2nd: Israel
*Uzziah of Judah: peace/stability
*Azah of Judah agrees to be Assyrian vassal
*Hoshea (Israel) seeks alliance with Egypt against Assyria. People of Samaria captured & deported. -
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*reforms: Hezekiah & Josiah
*apostasy: Manasseh & Jehoahaz
*Hezekiah: religious reform, rebellion against Assyria (after policies of Ahaz), reconquered Philistia.
*Victory against Sennacherib (Assyria)
*Healed of deadly illness
*Flaw: receives Babylonian envoy & shows his wealth
*Grandsons Manasseh & Amon evil.
*Josiah initiates reform (high priest finds Book of Law)
*Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, Zedekiah (Jerusalem conquered by Babylon)
*Nebuchadnezzar's son releases Jehoiachin. -
*King Cyrus releases Jews to return to homeland.
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*Jews begin restoring temple: Zerubbabel, Joshua, priests & Levites
*Opposition to temple restoration (letter sent to King Artaxerxes)
*Temple stopped until reign of Darius
*Prophets Haggai & Zechariah encouraged the people.
*Opposition complains to Darius, & Darius gives his support, with funds.
*Temple completed, & passover celebrated
*Ezra sent by Artaxerxes to assist -
*King Xerxes 1st chooses Esther as Queen (niece & adopted daughter of Mordecai)
*Mordecai learns of secret plot to assassinate king.
*Esther warns king, & coup prevented. -
*Haman convinces king to sign edict condemning Jews to be killed
*Esther instructs all Jews to fast for 3 days
*Esther approaches king & invites him & Haman for dinner (twice)
*King rewards Mordecai for previous act
*Esther reveals Haman's evil plan at dinner.
*King orders Haman hung on gallows prepared for Mordecai.
*Mordecai becomes Haman's successor
*Second order: Jews allowed to defend themselves.
*Feast of Purim instated ('pur' or 'lot' cast for date of Jews' extermination) -
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*surrounding people opposed to wall
*Jews divided themselves in half: some to build & some to guard wall. -
*Ezra leads Book of the Law to the people
*People celebrate for 7 days.
*People confess & recommit to God
*Wall dedicated to God
