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First records of copper fishing hooks being used.
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Made from Egypt to the South Arabian Penninsula and the Red Sea
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Alexander the Great led his troops to the sea's edge. They expected to gain honor by fighting the massive sea monsters, but instead stumbled upon the tides. This was the first recorded observations on the tides.
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Eratosthenes calculates the diameter of the World by measuring the angle of the Sun compared with the Earth. He measured it at 46,620 km and was only shy of the diameter we now know is 40,067 km
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Prince Henry the Navigator sent several expeditions down the West coast of Africa.
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Columbus sailed to the Caribbean, thinking he had circumnavigated the World and reached Asia.
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Juan Ponce de Leon (1474-1521) was a Spanish explorer who led the first European expedition to Florida. The Florida Current would become a primary route for eastbound ships heading for Europe.
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Vasco Nunez crossed the Isthmus of Panama to discover the Pacific Ocean. He was the first European explorer to lead an expedition in the Pacific.
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Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) was a Spanish explorer who was the first to lead a journey from the Altantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. He was also the first to cross the Pacific Ocean. Unfortunately, Magellan himself never completed the voyage, as he was eated by cannibals in the Philippines.
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John Harrison (1693-1776) was an English carpenter who invented the marine chronometer, which was used to determine the longitude of a ship at sea. This made long distance travel much safer for sailors.
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Took the first soundings and made many observations on currents, winds and temperatures. He was one of the first pioneers in the understandings that we have of the oceans today.
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Created the first atlas which contained the oceans with currents and sea conditions.
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First oceanographic voyage collected data chemical, geographical and currents of the seas.
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International Council for the Exploration of the Seas. Functions to exchange marine science information in the North Atlantic. Promotes marine research, publishes papers on findings and provides advice for member nations.
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German scientist Alfred Wegener proposed his theory of continental drift. One piece of evidence was identical fossils found in both Africa and South America
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Germany sent out The Meteor on an oceanographic exploration to gather data on water temperature, depth soundings, water samples and marine life. The Meteor was the first voyage to discover the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
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For the purpose of monitoring ocean exploration as well as to have a division that could better protect us from natural hazards.
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A program that tracks solar radiation, active biological elements and oceanic plant growth using ships, satellites and sensor buoys.
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A satelite launched by the U.S. and France to explore ocean circulation patterns and ocean surface topography. It talks to buoeys and relays the data to us. TOPEX has provided data on sea level, tides, climate change, El Nino and La Nina from 1992 to 2006.
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Studies the World's oceans using computer models and chemical tracers. Also makes models of the oceans and can predit long term changes in the oceans and atmosphere.
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NOAA creates the Office of Ocean Exploration, which was established to encourage more oceanographic explorations
