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The first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union. This caused President Dwight Eisenhower to call for training of more scientists and engineers.
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Life magazine did a three part series on the "Crises in American Education." Concluded that teachers were wretchedly overworked, underpaid, disregarded. The article also said that teachers did not have enough time to plan lessons and a discouraging number of them are incompetent.
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National Defense Education Act (NDEA), signed into law. Congress determined the problem with the US falling behind the Soviet Union was the result of the educational system - particularly math and science.
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Part of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society program. Basic purpose was to provide assistance to children from low-income families.
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Based on findings from the National Commission on Excellence in Education. (Created by Secretary of Education Terrell Bell to help define the problems with US education and recommend solutions.)
"Our society is being eroded by a rising tide of mediocrity that threatens our very future as a nation and a people." -
President George H.W. Bush convened governors, members of his cabinet, and a few high-level administration officials to promote national education goals.
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This is the reauthoriziation of the ESEA under President Clinton.
Goals 2000 set national goals that called for:
* school readiness
* school completion
* student academic achievement
* leadership in mathematics and science
* adult literacy
* safe and drug-free schools -
Created by federal law: The Education Council Act of 1991. "Time is the missing element in our great national debate about learning and the need for higher standards for all students. Our schools and the people involved with them - students, teachers, administrators, parents, and staff - are prisoners of time, captives of the school clock and calendar.
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Led by Louis Gerstner, chairman and CEO of IBM. The nation's business leaders felt the US Education system was in need of significant change. NO education organizations were invited to participate.
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Operated on three premises:
1. What teachers know and can do is the most important influence on what students learn.
2. Recruiting, preparing, and retaining good teachers is the central strategy to improving our schools
3. School reform cannot succeed unless it focuses on creating the conditions under which teachers can teach and teach well. -
Inclueded 30 governors, business executives, and educators. Participants affirmed their commitment to raising student achievement to world-class standards.
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Known as the Glenn Commission (Named for chairman John Glenn) - focused on improving mathematics and science teaching in the 21st century.
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The third time in five years that prestigious policymakers and corporate executives gathered to discuss education. Held to support the goal of high standards
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