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In 1949, during WWII the soviet union was trying to spread communism and the U.S.A along with other places from the west did not want them too, so they made a group called the NATO or the north Atlantic treaty organization.
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The whole organization was made by the United states to stop communism around when WWII was in play and even when the cold war started. The united states was successful in the NATO organization because in 2017, communism is scarce around the whole world.
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Because this all happened around WWII the country that were involved were Germany, Italy, Japan, Britain, France, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, India, Soviet Union, China and the U.S.
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The main purpose of the NATO was to strengthen the western allies and to get rid of communism. It also was going to help expand the military and be ready for an attack from the Soviet Union.