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Formation of an independent Italy
The formation of Italy throughout the years in the 1800s. This picture includes keys about the regions and areas that were made before the formation of Italy. As Italy was not formed until 1861, there were other key areas and events that led into the formation of Italy which is seen in the lines and colors. -
Papal States taken over by new nation of Italy
• The picture shows the time difference in when Italy took over the land of the Papal States. As Italians entered the Papal States, they held a plebiscite (A vote) in early October to annex the States and Rome. This allowed them to take over the area and merge it into Italy. -
Failure of First Italo-Ethiopian War with the Battle of Adowa (Adwa)
The picture showcases the Italo-Ethiopia War with the Battle of Adowa. The battle was against the Italians and the Ethiopians as the Italians had the motivation to input their colonial ambitions to Africa. However, the Italians lost, and the battle became a symbol of African pride for their triumph. -
Italy invades and takes over Libya
The picture showcases the invasion of Libya from the Italians through the Italo-Turkish War. The picture is significant as Libya was another way that Italy was able to gain more territory and more influence in the European powers. It not only showed how strong Italy was, but also showed the strong influence from the Italians. -
Mussolini begins work as editor for the Socialist Party newspaper Avanti
This picture shows the newspaper of “Avanti!” Avanti was a Socialist Party newspaper that highlighted ideals of social democracy and the voice of Italian Kingdom. Mussolini was then appointed as an editor of the newspaper which allowed him to gain a support system and some power of the Italian party. -
Mussolini kicked out of Socialist Party for pro-nationalistic sentiments regarding WWI
The picture shows a newspaper from the “Il Popolo d’Italia,” where Mussolini created the newspaper after getting kicked out of Avanti. Through this time, Mussolini showcased his pro-nationalistic sentiments for military intervention, causing him to be expelled. With his own newspaper, it allowed him to serve in the Royal Italian Army until 1917 -
Treaty of London
The picture is a map of Italy during the making of the Treaty of London. The Treaty of London was a secret agreement with the Triple Entente to promise land from Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Africa. The treaty allowed Italy to gain more power and influence within this time period, gaining more land across Europe. -
Beginning of Biennio Rosso
When WWI ended, the social conflict in Italy started, becoming known as the “Biennio Rosso.” The picture has people protesting with a banner, showcasing the social conflict in Italy. The conflicts were caused by the high unemployment rates in Italy and the poor economic status after WWI. The picture signifies the people’s anger and feelings toward the downfall after WWI. -
Fascio di Combattimento formed in Milan
The picture is the symbol of the organization “Fascia di Combattimento.” The organization was formed by Mussolini and was closely associated with his newspaper “Il Popolo d’Italia.” The organization gave Mussolini power, and made him grow into an Italian influence for fascism. -
D’Annunzio takes Fiume
The picture shows the argument in the March on Fiume. The March on Fiume had grenadiers who were planned by Gabriele D’Annunzio, a Royal Italian Army officer in WWI. D’Annunzio campaigned for Italy to be a first-rate European power. D’Annunzio went to Fiume to protest the incomplete victory of WWI and seized the city. -
Mussolini forms alliance with Giolitti
This Image Is significant to showing the influence that Mussolini, along with other fascist’s had to work towards to have a great enough impact. The consideration of the image being taken at a low angle represents the pillars of power, and how the fascists were given general power in parliament, but Mussolini was given a significant increase of power compared to them. This image also demonstrates the representation that Mussolini had towards the Fascist regime. -
Mussolini forms the PNF (Fascist Party) and is elected its leader
This Image Is significant in demonstrating the power the PNF had in the new regime of creating Fascist Italy. In the center of the picture is Mussolini on a horse. Demonstrating the power Mussolini had over the PNF, one being the creator of the PNF, but also by being the elected leader of the PNF. Therefore, Mussolini’s role in the party was significant because of his power of authority and leadership. -
March on Rome and Mussolini becomes Prime Minister
This image is significant in demonstrating the power of the PNF and the Black shirts had to the March on Rome. This picture illustrates the power these groups had in numbers and fascist influence in public fear. Because of their power to instill fear and destruction, the king had to act out of protect to end the violence, so he gave the power of the prime minister to Mussolini. This is shown through Mussolini guiding the armies in the picture, demonstrates the leadership he had over them. -
Corfu Incident
This image is significant in illustrating the invasive power that Mussolini had over Greece. This picture is of the Italians taking over the island of Corfu in response to Greece’s violence. This picture demonstrates the power that Mussolini had in control over Italy’s armies, and over different parts of the world. -
Acerbo Law passed
This image is significant in demonstrating the influence of the Acerbo law had in the perspective of Fascist influence. In the picture there are the PNF and the Black shirts surrounding Baron Giacomo Acerbo and Mussolini in collective support. This demonstrates the power both individuals had in the influence of the public’s perspective. -
Matteotti Chrisis
This Image is of Giacomo Matteotti, someone who caused Italian distrust in fascism due to his actions. This image is significant in demonstrating the power that Matteotti had in causing fascist distrust. And showing the fear of what would happen when someone speaks out against fascism. -
Aventine Secession
This Image is of a group of socialists about to discover the body of Matteotti. This picture is significant to the different groups separating from the chamber of deputies in support of Matteotti. This shows the opposition groups being against fascist violence. -
Battle for Grain
This picture shows Mussolini gathering wheat from Italy. The purpose of this image was to influence the popularity in grain production. While also showing the powerful influence of Mussolini and Fascist ideologies. This image is significant in showing the participation of Mussolini, to represent him as someone who is for the people. -
Locarno Treaty signed
This picture illustrates the different groups involved with the Locarno treaty. The significance of Mussolini being included in this image shows the international influence he also had in addition to his fascist influence. This also represents the power other leaders had in influence of different nations. -
Battle for Land and Battle for the Lira
This picture shows the currency for Italy in Lira. This is significant because the currency shows the utilization of wheat and the impact the grain increase in Italy has on its currency. This demonstrates the economic impact Mussolini’s fascist ideologies had overall. -
Battle for Births
This image shows Mussolini looking at babies in front of their families in pride. This demonstrates the pride of having children in Italy because of Mussolini’s support. This is significant in demonstrating the support of Mussolini’s population increase agenda. -
Kellogg-Briand Treaty signed
The photo of world leaders, including Mussolini, signing the Kellogg-Briand Pact clearly represents international cooperation to renounce war after WWI. This visual captures the hopeful but ultimately unrealistic goal of outlawing war. It also visually highlights Mussolini’s role on the global diplomatic stage before his shift toward aggression (inspired by Hitler). -
Lateran Treaty with Pope
This image shows Mussolini sitting with the Pope Pius X during the signing of the Lateran Treaty. This treaty ended the long-standing conflict between the Italian state and the Catholic Church. It effectively captures the formal and symbolic moment when Mussolini reunited with the Catholic Church. Seeing him seated with the Pope and other officials, there is an emphasis on the treaty's importance in legitimizing Fascist rule in the eyes of religious Italians, strengthening his power in Italy. -
Stresa Front
The image of the three leaders – Mussolini, Britain’s MacDonald, and France’s Laval – sitting together effectively represents the temporary unity of Britain, France, and Italy against German rearmament. It shows the diplomatic efforts to maintain peace in Europe before they broke apart when Mussolini turned toward German. -
Italian involvement with Spanish Civil War
This political cartoon of a hand with the Italian flag grabbing Spain powerfully conveys the perception of Italy as an aggressor in Spain and that Italy supported Franco’s fascists in the Spanish Civil War. The dramatic imagery and nationalist symbolism reflect public fear and opposition to Italian intervention; however, it also highlights Italy’s military interference and the spread of fascism in Europe. -
Abyssinian Crisis
The map showing Italian advances into Abyssinia (Ethiopia) helps visualize the scale and direction of the invasion. It clearly depicts the scale and direction of Mussolini’s invasion in 1935-1936. This illustrates Italy’s imperial ambitions and highlights the failure of the League of Nations to stop [Italy’s] Fascist aggression. -
Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty signed
A photo of Hitler and Mussolini shaking hands visually captures the moment their alliance was solidified thus creating the Rome-Berlin Axis in 1936. It highlights the ideological and military partnership that shaped the course of WWII. -
Munich Conference
The photo of the four leaders – Hitler, Mussolini, Chamberlain, and Daladier – sitting together at the Munich Conference illustrates the agreement of 1938 that allowed Nazi Germany to take Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia. Mussolini’s role is represented as a supposed ‘peacemaker.’ However, this decision ultimately encouraged for further aggression, allowing Hitler to expand without facing military resistance. -
Italy invades Albania
This map of Italy to Albania clearly depicts Mussolini’s sudden invasion in 1939. This visual helps show the direction and scope of Italy's military action, conveying Mussolini’s imperial ambitions which tried to imitate Nazi Germany’s aggressive foreign policy. -
Italy enters WW II on side of Germany
A newspaper headline announcing a war declaration (“Germany And Italy Declare War On U.S.”) captures a moment of Italy’s entry into WWII in 1940 and the drama and impact of the moment. It reflects public awareness and the historical significance of Italy’s full commitment to the Axis Powers, their win, as well as Mussolini’s decision to fully align with Hitler. -
Mussolini brought down by coup during WW II
The cartoon of a desperate, overweight Mussolini surrounded by sinking ships exaggerates his failure, desperation. It uses sarcasm to represent his power loss. Yet, it still effectively communicates the public reaction and military collapse that led to his downfall. The image shows public and political frustration due to Mussolini’s failed leadership. It symbolizes how Mussolini was overthrown in 1943 after repeated military which lead him to lose the support from both the army and the King. -
Mussolini killed
The image of Mussolini’s and his mistress’s bodies on display after their execution visually symbolizes the fall of Fascism. It represents the violent end of Mussolini’s rule. The image captures the public’s anger and their final rejection of his dictatorship in 1945.