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In the 7th Century C.E. Arab Calvaries converted to a new religion of Islam, and conquered eastern and southern Mediterranean shores as well as sasanian empire
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In the 8th Century they went on to conquer Spain and Turko-Iranian areas of central Asia as well as northwestern India
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In the 9th century they had acquired the compass (in china) and may as well have been the first to use it for Marine navigation , Chinese didn't use it for this purpose until after 10th century
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Al Kharazmi introduced Indian mathematics to the Arabic reading world in his "treatise on calculation with the Hindu Numerals written around 825
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Arabs mined and coined so much silver by 850 its value realtive to gold had fallen from 10:1 to 17:1
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In 869, one year after death of famous writer alJahiz the Zanj slaves in Iraq rebelled. It took the caliphate 15 years of hard fighting to defeat them.
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By the 10th century cotton had also become a major crop in the lands of the caliphate from Iran to Central Asia to Spain and the Mediterranean islands.
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In the 10th century Kilwa had become an important source of Zimbabwean gold
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By 940 the ratio of gold to silver had recovered to 12:1
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By 1000 sugarcane had become an important crop in Yemen, in Arabian oasis ; in irrigated areas of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, Maghrib, Spain, Mediterranean Islands controlled by Muslims