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This was the start of the Middle Ages, also known as the Medieval Period
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Roman writer and statesman, music theorist, wrote "De institutione musica"
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Chinese monks invent gunpowder
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music theorist, created precise pitch notation via staff, advocated sight singing through syllables, wrote "Micrologus"
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suggested that the bagpipes were introduced to Scotland by the Romans
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the earliest writings on musical composition of polyphony
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77 melodies, first morality play, books, poetry, paintings, known as the Sybil of the Rhine, writer, composer, theologian
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44 songs (18 complete with melodies), troubadour, more of his music survives than any other 12th century poet
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also known as Magister Leonius II, "Magnus Liber", collection of organum, Master of organum purum at the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris
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24 courtly songs, one of the most important early trouveres, works show up in lots of manuscripts
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poet and Minnesinger, worked at Viennese court, earliest surviving minnesinger melody
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1 tenso, 4 cansos, famous female troubadour, left us the only surviving melody by a female troubadour
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Spanish monarch, King of Castile and Leon, patron of literature and art, initiated the study of music at Salamanca University, helped compile "Cantigas de Santa Maria"
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organum, clausulae, conductus, master of discant organum at Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris, student of Leonin (?), 3-4 voice organum
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23 poems, 13 melodies remain, Trouvere, wrote several genres and forms, monk at Arras
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chansons, musical plays, rondeaux, 7 motets, wrote polyphony
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Lots unknown, fl. somewhere around 1250+, music theorist, given information about Leonin, Perotin and organum, probably a student from England.
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treatise, motets, some isorhythmic, known as "inventor of new art", composer, theorist, bishop
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"Mass of Notre Dame", over 400 poems, 23 motets, 19 lais, 42 ballades, 33 virelais, 22 rondeaux, leading composer and poet of Ars Nova
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New Art in France, focusing on new compositional techniques like isorhythm and hocket, lots accomplished in the area of rhythm.
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flowering of music, art and culture that happened in Italy in the 1300's
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Treatise written by Philippe de Vitry in about 1320
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155 works, mostly ballate and madrigals, known for cadences, virtuoso organist, blind, most celebrated musician of the Italian Trecento, instrument maker
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polyphonic mass composed by French poet and composer Guillaume de Machaut
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20 mass sections, 2 complete masses, 40 motets, 2 secular songs, leading English composer, created new style of 3rds and 6ths that became the Renaissance style, many works destroyed during 1536-1540
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The music and artistic culture starts to shift in Europe
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7 masses, 28 mass sections, 90 motets, 15 antiphons, 27 hymns, 87 chansons, 22 motets, 13 of which were isorhythmic, Renaissance composer, used medieval cadences
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secular music becomes more popular, spreads. Polyphony was the primary texture, melodies were also numerous and simultaneous. Homophony emerged in the 1500's, most masses, motets were written after 1540. Madrigals served as experiments that lead to the Baroque era
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Work of art made by Donatello
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18 masses, over 50 motets, 65 chansons, considered by Martin Luther to be "the master of notes", said to have had no peer in music
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36 masses, German, French, and Italian, "Choralis Constantinus", influenced German music, court composer to Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I in Vienna
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invented by goldsmith and inventor Johannes Gutenberg began experimenting with printing in 1440 and had a printing machine perfected and ready for commercial use nearly 10 years later
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Artist famous for making works like Mona Lisa
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first music printer and publisher, preserved Renaissance music
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Johannes Tinctoris wrote the first dictionary of musical terms
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German hymns, writings, German theologian and composer, founder of the Lutheran Church.
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work composed by Jospuin des Prez
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anthology of over 450 chant based polyphonic motets written by Heinrich Isaac, completed or published somewhere around 1535
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3 masses, 175 motets, anthems, antiphons, English, Catholic composer writing both Protestant and catholic music in England, greatest composer of his time
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English playwright, poet, actor, widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the English language, and world's greatest dramatist.
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Mass made by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina