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Spectacle makers in Middelburg, and The Netherlands, invented both the compound microscope and the refracting telescope. Most people think Hans and Zacharias Janssen first invented this device.
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First known users of the Microscope
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Robert Hooke used an instrument to observe cork cells, and sketches of which appeared in his 1665 publication "Micrographia"
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His simple discovery was antecedent to the concept that cells can only come from other like-cells.
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Antoni van Leeuwenhook reported that he had observed "little animals" -- protozoa -- through a microscope.
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A naturalist and clergyman from Scotland discovered the presence of micro-organisms in soup left exposed to air; he opined a “life force” existed in all matter – organic and inorganic.
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Achromatic lenses for spectacles were developed by Chester Moore Hall.
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Preformed experiments on soup in sealed containers from 1765-67 and proved the micro-organisms that spoiled the soup were air-born – further proof that cells can only reproduce like-cells.
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Theodor Schwann published "Microscopic Investigations on the Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Plants and Animals," which steated the cell theory: All living things are made up of cells.
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Rudolf Virchow extended the work of Schleiden and Schwann by proposing that all living cells must come from pre-existing cells.
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Louis Pasteur wanted to disprove spontaneous generation with an experiment that established the cell theory and solidified the basic steps of the modern scientific method.
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Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch both become engaged in microscopy and the study of bacteria.
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Proposed amending “biogenic law” to include living cells “can trace their ancestry back to ancient times”.
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Matthias Jakob Schleiden looked at a lot of plant samples. Recognized that all plants, and all the different parts of plants, are composed of cells.
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Fritz Zernike discovered he could view unstained cells using the phase angle of rays.
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Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska construct the first electron microscope.
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First electron micrograph of a biological sample. long-leaved sundew fixed with osmium.
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It took until 1941 to bring a commercial microscope to market.
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First ultra-microtome built by Porter and Blum.
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The first environmental scanning electron microscope in the Czech Republic for observing samples in their natural state.
