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During the 4th century indians noted ants congregating by diabetics urine.
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The sweet smell of urine was first noted in the 17th century by Thomas Willis.
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John Rollo a Surgeon-General to the royal artillery, treated a patient by dietary restrictions.
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Claude Bernard was a pharmacist in France and all of Europe. He discovered the liver stored glycogen and secreted a substance into the blood. Back then they thought that the nervous system controlled secretory organs. Which he then thought that by poking the brainstem of an animal caused temporary diabetes. When he died he was given a state funeral.
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Von Mering disproved Bernard's theory. Removed the pancreas caused diabetes. They tried extracting antidiabetic substance from the pancreas but could not.
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In Canada Fredrick Banting discovered insulin and found two dogs with diabetes. He put the extract insulin in one and nothing into the other. The dog who recieved the extract lived and the other died.
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A 14 year old boy was the first human to recieve insulin that was made by Banting and Best.
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Purified injections of insulin were given by Collop.
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Insulin was being produced commercially.
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J.J. Abel crystallized insulin. Fredrick Sanger found 2 chains of 51 amino acids linked by disulphide bridges.
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Protamine zinc insluin was introduced.
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Lente insulins were introduced.
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3D structure of insluin was made by Dorthy Hodgin at Oxford University.
