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The Metis led Red River Resistance results in the Manitoba Act. This act established the province as a bilingual province with education rights for Catholics and Protestants, as well as land rights. The act specified the Metis would recieve over 500 000 hectares of land, as well as the farms they established along the Red River.
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The Canadian government issued scrips to the Metis, instead of establishing Metis lands in Manitoba. In certain cases, it offered the Metis a choice: accept scrip or become Treaty Indians and become protected by the treaties. In the perspective of the Canadian government, the Metis did not have the same rights to land as the First Nations did, and didn't require reserves. In the Metis eyes, they believed that they had the same amout of rights to land as the First Nations.
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The Northwest Resistance sought to protect Metis lands in what is now Saskatchewan, as the railway and settlers moved into Western Canada. Canadians have always had different interpretations of this event, and for many Metis, it was a way toassert their rights, as in the Red River Resistance. For others, like the government, it was an attempt to overthrow authority.
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Metis settlers established farms at St. Paul des Metis on land provided by the Catholic Church. The Metis did not own this land however, so they had to leave once the settlement had closed.
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This group lobbied Alberta's government to set aside land for the Metis. Alberta's government passed the Metis Population Betterment Act in 1938, which established twelve temporary Metis settlements. This was the first time the government granted Metis land,
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The settlements in Alberta didn't give the Metis any control over the land, so when four of the setlements were proved unsuitable for farming, fishing, or hunting, they were closed and the land went back into the possesion of the government.
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Metis lobbied fr recongnition of their rights in Canada's Constitution, When the Constitution was patriated, it included section 35, which recongnizes the Metis as one of Canada's Aboriginal peoples with rights.
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The government passed a legislation that gives the Metis access to permanent lands and the right to manage their own affairs. This legislation included:
Constitution of Alberta Amendmant Act
Metis Settlements Accord Implementation Act
Metis Settlements Act
Metis Settlements Land Protection Act
As well, an agreement with Alberta's government allowed the Metis to participate in the development of oils and gases on their settlements. -
The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Metis deserve the right to hunt and fish as it is protected as one of Canada's Aboriginal peoples under the constitution. These rights recongnize the unique relationship to the land of the Metis based in history and their inherited rights as First Nations
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In two different negotiations, the Metis Settlements General Council and the Metis Nation of Alberta struck agreements with Alberta's government. The government recongnized Metis hunting and fishing rights as well as ensured they could do either without licenses.
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The Metis in Manitoba launched a court case seeking compensation for the land they were promised, but not delivered in the Manitoba Act
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The government put rules in place that restricted the Metis hunting and fishing rights without agreement from the Metis organizations.
