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This was the collapse of the western Roman Empire; this was during the time the barbarians invaded Rome. this started the end of ancient Rome and started the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe.
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The king was Baptized as a Christian, this started the influence of the church on the European politics
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The early Middle Ages had another name which was the dark ages, this began after the fall of Rome. There was a group called the Germanic they invaded Western Europe. The Islamic empire started to spread into Spain and north Africa. the holy empire was created by Charlemagne uniting franks and the catholic church. the western empire lost all power and was replaced with eastern Roman Empire.
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The Frankish King Pepin in 725 help the pope named Stephen ll, he helped by defeating the Lombards. At this time, they were attacking the church's lands. The Pepin became the main military and the protector of the Church this was because of their victory. This event also showed us that the Pope and the king were working very closely at the time.
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Papal States were established in 756. The Church started to rule its own small countries in central Italy, this meat that the Pope had control over these lands. this would also give the church religious and political power.
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The king of Franks also known as the Charlemagne, the king was crowned by Pope Leo lll as the Roman Emperor. During this event it showed us a very strong bond between the Frankish and the Church rulers. this also started the Holy Roman Empire.
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Alfred The Great was crowned king of England after he united the Saxon Kingdoms. Alfred brought in different groups in England all together to help fight against the Viking invasions, this also help create a much stronger and more unified Kingdom. The king is still to this day remember as a very wise and thoughtful leader.
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Europe in 1000 CE started to take shape. The Norman Conquest was led by William Conqueror this started the creation of France in 1066CE, England and also Germany. towns and religions became very wealthy, and farming was doing good in Western Europe. there were serious disagreements in the catholic church leading to splits in the church. During this time there were lots of fights between Christian armies and the Islamic empire, this was over the holy places such as Jerusalem.
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council of Clermont called on the Christians by Pope Urban ll, the reason for them being called on was to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims. this was the result of the first crusade.
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A Norman king called William the Conqueror, became the king of England around the same time he defeated the English army. the Norman were made up of Franks and the Vikings, and they were from Northen France. The Battle of the Hastings changed a lot of things in England's language, culture and their leadership.
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The Byzantine Empire had been defeated by the Seljuk Turks; they took over much of Anatolia. This had started to weaken the Byzantines this made more of the holy land unstable
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Crusader states in the Middle East.
the Crusade armies had captured the Jerusalem after a long siege in the first Crusade. They had set up in the middle east. -
the kings or Europe such as Louis Vll of France and Conard lll of Germany were the leaders of the second crusade, but they still couldn't win back the lost lands form Muslims force.
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The Muslim leader had defeated the crusades and taken the Jerusalem's back into captivity. After they lost this eventually started the third crusade.
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During this time, they saw the end of the great growth and wealth form the High Middle Ages. There were plagues such as the black death and Famines, the black death killed millions of people. this is the also around the same time poor people started to revolt against the unfair laws, they also revolt against the conditions they had to live in such as the Peasants' Revolt in England, 1381. this period was also the great period of civil unrest and was also the start of literature and the arts.
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another crusade was called by Pope Innocent ll to take back Jerusalem, but the Crusades decide to attack Constantinople in 1204, this weakened the Byzantine Empire and then divided the Christians.
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The Magna Carta was signed by King John of England in June of 1215, the document that was signed was to limit the king's power and give the nobles and citizens more rights. this started a foundation for modern democracy.
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English Norman rulers fought a lot of battles in France. they thought they had to right to the French throne. Both nations were changed after the war lasted over 100 years.
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1347: the plague spread to Marseille
June 1348: spread to Rome and Athens
March 1349: spread to London and Paris
October 1349: spread to Bucharest
1350: spread to Copenhagen -
Printing press was invented in Germany by Johannes Gutenberg, through this book were made easier to produce and became cheaper.
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this king ruled England for nearly 40years. this king is mostly known for all of his marriages and for changing England's religion.
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During this King Henry Vll had broken away from the Roman Catholic Church, after he broke away for the church, he started a new church in England, he made himself the head of the church instead of it being the Pope.