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Mexico Independence began on September 16,1810, when Father Miguel Hidalgo issued the "Grito of Dolores", Calling for freedom from Spanish rule.The struggle lasted 11 years, led by figures like Jose Maria Morelos and Vicente de Guerrero. In 1821, Mexico finally gained its independence with the Plan of Iguala, marking the end of over 300 years of Spanish Control. Today, September 16 is celebrated as Mexico's Independence Day. -
The Constitution of 1824 was Mexico's first Constitution after gaining independence from Spain. It stablished a federal republic with three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) and divided power between the national and state goverments. It also declared Catholicism foundation for Mexico's democratic system. -
The Fredonian Rebellion(1826-1827) was a short-lived revolt in Texas led by Haden Edwards, an American settlers, who tried to declare Texas independent from Mexico. Edwards and his followers proclaimed the creation of the Republic of Fredonia near Nacogdoches, but the rebellion quickly failed when Mexican troops and other settlers opposed it. The event increased Mexico's distrust of American Settlers in Texas. -
The Mier y Teran Report (1828) was written by General Manuel de Mier y Teran, a Mexican official who inspected Texas after the Fredonian Rebellion. In his report, he wanted that there were too many loyalty to the United States than Mexico. His warnings led the Mexican government to pass the Law of April 6, 1830, which limited U.S. immigration to Texas and increased Mexican control in the region. -
The Law of April 6, 1830 was a Mexican law aimed at limiting the growing influence of American settlers in Texas. It banned further U.S. immigration to Texas, canceled unfulfillied empresario contracts, placed tariffs on U.S. goods, and increased Mexican military presence in the region. The law angered many Anglo-American settlers and is considered one of the key events that led to the Texas Revolution. -
The Turtle Bayo Resolutions (1832) were statements written by Texas settlers declaring that their actions against Mexican authorities were not a rebellion. Instead, they said they were supporting General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, who they believed was defending the Mexican Constitution of 1824. The resolutions showed that Texans wanted their rights protected under Mexican law, not independence- at least at that time. -
The Arrest of Stephen F. Austin (1834) happened after he wrote a lettler suggesting that Texas should form its own state government separate from Mexico. Mexican officials viewed the letter as a treason, so Austin was arrested and imprisioned in Mexico City for about a year. His arrest made many Texans lose trust in the Mexican government and increased support for independence. -
The Consultation of 1835 was a meeting of Texas settlers held at San Felipe de Austin to decide how to respond to growing conflicts with Mexico. Delegates debated between staying loyal to Mexico under the Constitution of 1824 or declaring independence. They chose to set up a temporary government and prepare for a war, marking a major step toward the Texas Revolution. -
The Battle of Gonzales (1835)was the first fight of the Texas Revolution. Mexican soldiers tried to take back a small cannon that Texans had for defense, but the settlers refused and raised a flag that said "Come and Take It". The Texans won the battle, showing their determination to fight for their rights and independence. -
The Battle of the Alomo (1836) was a major event in the Texas Revolution where Texan defenders fought against a much larger Mexican army led by General Santa Anna. After 13 days of fighting, all the Texan defenders were killed, but their bravery inspired others to continue the fight, leading to the famous cry "Remember the Alamo!". -
Travis's Letter (1836), written by William B. Travis during the Battle of the Alamo, was a plea for help to other Texans. In it, he vowed to fight to the death for freedom and signed it "Victory or Death". The letter became a powerful symbol of Texan courage and determination. -
The Consultation of 1836 was a meeting where Texas leaders declared independence from Mexico and created a new government for the Republic of Texas. They wrote the Texas Declaration of Independence and started drafting a constitution, officially beginning Texas's separation from Mexico. -
The Battle of Coleto Creek(1836) was fought between Texan forces led by James Fannin and the Mexican army under General Urrea. The Texans were surrounded on the open prairie and, after heavy fighting, were forced to surrender. This defeat led to the Goliad Massacre, where many captured Texans were later executed. -
The Goliad Massacre occurred on March 27, 1836, during the Texas Revolution. After the Battle of Coleto Creek, about 350 Texan soldiers surrendered to Mexican forces under General Jose de Urrea. Despite surrendering, orders from Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna led to their execution at Goliad, Texas. Only a few managed to scape. This event, along with the Alamo, fueled Texian anger and became a rallying-"Remender Goliad!"-in the fight for Texas independence. -
The Battle of San Jacinto took place on April 21, 1836, and was the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. Texian forces, led by San Houston, launched a surprise attack on Mexican troops under General Santa Anna near present-day Houston, Texas. The battle lasted only about 18 minutes, resulting Texian victory. Santa Anna was captured the next day, which led to Mexico recognizing Texas' independence. -
The Treaty of Velasco (May 14, 1836) ended the Texas Revolution, with captured Mexican General Santa Anna agreeing to withdraw his troops and recognize Texas' independence, though Mexico later desputed the agreement.