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Begins law studies; in thunderstorm on July 2, vows to become a monk; enters Order of Augustinian Hermits
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Lectures on Psalms, Romans, and Galatians; appointed vicar over ten monasteries
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Luther attacks the Church about indulgences
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Understands the "righteousness of God" as "passive righteousness with which God justifies us by faith" ; in July, debates Professor John Eck at Leipzig and denies supreme authority of popes and councils
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They were To the Christian Nobility, On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, The Freedom of a Christian; burns papal bull and books of canon law
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At Diet of Worms in April, on trial before Emperor Charles V and other leaders of church and state, he refuses to recant writings; an edict condemns him as heretic and outlaw; after the Diet of Worms, he is "kidnapped" by Frederick the Wise, and hidden at Wartburg Castle; begins translating the New Testament
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Luther returns to Wittenberg, helping to reestablish order there; finishes New Testament translation, first published in September