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1800
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Period: to
War of the Third Coalition
The War of the Third Coalition was a European conflict from 1803 to 1806. During the war, France and its vassals under Napoleon defeated the Third Coalition, made up of the Holy Roman Empire, Russia, Britain and others. -
Period: to
Russo-Persian War
The 1804–1813 Russo-Persian War was one of many wars between the Persian Empire and Imperial Russia, and began as a territorial dispute. The new Persian king, Fath Ali Shah Qajar, wanted to consolidate modern day Georgia—which had been annexed by Tsar Paul I several years after the Russo-Persian War of 1796. Tsar Alexander I was also new to the throne and equally determined to control the disputed territories. -
Period: to
First Serbian Uprising
The First Serbian Uprising was an uprising of Serbs in Smederevo against the Ottoman Empire from 14 February 1804 to 7 October 1813. Initially a local revolt against renegade janissaries who had seized power through a coup, it evolved into a war for independence after more than three centuries of Ottoman rule and short-lasting Austrian occupations. -
Period: to
Franco-Swedish War
The Franco-Swedish War or Pomeranian War was the first involvement by Sweden in the Napoleonic Wars. The country joined the Third Coalition in an effort to defeat France under Napoleon Bonaparte. On 6 January 1810, Sweden signed a Russian-mediated Treaty of Paris with France regaining Pomerania, at a cost of joining the Continental System. -
Period: to
Russo-Turkish War
Turkey deposed the Russian governors of Moldavia and Walachia in 1806, and Russia declared war. Since Russia was reluctant to concentrate large forces against Turkey while its relations with Napoleonic France were so uncertain, the war dragged on for years. But in 1811, with the prospect of a Franco-Russian war in sight, Russia sought a quick decision on its southern frontier. The Turks were forced to cede Bessarabia to Russia by the Treaty of Bucharest -
Period: to
War of the Fourth Coalition
The Fourth Coalition fought against Napoleon's French Empire and was defeated in a war spanning 1806–1807. Coalition partners included Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and Great Britain. At the end of the war Napoleon was master of almost all of western and central continental Europe, except for Spain, Portugal, Austria and several other smaller states. -
Period: to
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War was a military conflict between Napoleon's empire (as well as the allied powers of the Spanish Empire), the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Portugal, for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The war began when the French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807, and escalated in 1808 when France turned on Spain. The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon in 1814. -
Period: to
War of the Fifth Coalition
The War of the Fifth Coalition was fought in 1809 by a coalition of the Austrian Empire and the United Kingdom against Napoleon's French Empire and Bavaria. Major engagements between France and Austria, the main participants, unfolded over much of Central Europe from April to July, with very high casualty rates for both sides. The resulting Treaty of Schönbrunn was the harshest that France had imposed on Austria. -
1810
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Period: to
Argentine War of Independence
The Argentine War of Independence was fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine patriotic forces under Manuel Belgrano, Juan José Castelli and José de San Martín against royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown. On July 9, 1816, an assembly met in San Miguel de Tucumán, declared full independence with provisions for a national constitution. -
Period: to
Venezuelan War of Independence
The Venezuelan War of Independence was one of the Spanish American wars of independence of the early nineteenth century, when independence movements in Latin America fought against rule by the Spanish Empire, emboldened by Spain's troubles in the Napoleonic Wars. In the following years Venezuelan forces, as part of the army of Gran Colombia, continued campaigning under the leadership of Bolívar to liberate the southern parts of New Granada and Ecuador. -
Period: to
Mexican War of Independence
The Mexican War of Independence was an armed conflict which ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain. The war had its antecedent in Napoleon's French invasion of Spain in 1808; it extended from the Grito de Dolores by Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla on September 16, 1810, to the entrance of the Army of the Three Guarantees led by Agustín de Iturbide to Mexico City on September 27, 1821 -
Period: to
French invasion of Russia
The French invasion of Russia began on 24 June 1812 when Napoleon's Grande Armée crossed the Neman River in an attempt to engage and defeat the Russian army. Napoleon hoped to compel the Tsar of Russia to cease trading with British merchants through proxies. The Russian victory over the French army in 1812 was a significant blow to Napoleon's ambitions of European dominance. This war was the reason the other coalition allies triumphed once and for all over Napoleon. -
Period: to
War of the Sixth Coalition
In the War of the Sixth Coalition (March 1813 – May 1814), sometimes known in Germany as the War of Liberation, a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, Spain and a number of German states finally defeated France and drove Napoleon into exile on Elba. After the disastrous French invasion of Russia of 1812, the continental powers joined Russia, the United Kingdom, Portugal and the rebels in Spain who were already at war with France. -
Period: to
Hundred Days
The Hundred Days marked the period between Napoleon's return from exile on the island of Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days). This period saw the War of the Seventh Coalition, and includes the Waterloo Campaign, the Neapolitan War as well as several other minor campaigns. -
Period: to
Second Serbian Uprising
The Second Serbian Uprising was the second phase of the Serbian Revolution against the Ottoman Empire, which erupted shortly after the re-annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire in 1813. The occupation was enforced following the defeat of the First Serbian Uprising , during which Serbia existed as a de facto independent state for over a decade. The second revolution ultimately resulted in Serbian semi-independence from the Ottoman Empire. -
1820
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Period: to
Spain attempts to reconquer Mexico
The attempted Spanish reconquest of Mexico was an effort by the Spanish government to regain possession of its former colony of Mexico. The designation mainly covers two periods: the first attempts involved the defense of Mexico's territorial waters, while the second period had two stages, the Mexican expansion plan to take the Spanish-held island of Cuba, and an expedition of which landed on Mexican soil. Though Spain never regained control of the country they did damage the Mexican economy. -
Period: to
Greek War of Independence
The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution, was a successful war of independence waged by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1830. The Greeks were later assisted by the Russian Empire, Great Britain, the Kingdom of France, while the Ottomans were aided by their North African vassals, the eyalets of Egypt, Algeria, and Tripolitania, and the Beylik of Tunis. -
Period: to
War of Independence of Brazil
The War of Independence of Brazil was waged between the newly independent Brazilian Empire and United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. It lasted from February 1822, when the first skirmishes took place, to March 1824 with the surrender of the Portuguese garrison in Montevideo. The war was fought on land and sea and involved both regular forces and civilian militia. -
1830
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Period: to
Egyptian–Ottoman War
The First Egyptian-Ottoman War was a military conflict between the Ottoman Empire and Egypt brought about by Muhammad Ali Pasha's demand to the Sublime Porte for control of Greater Syria, as reward for aiding the Sultan during the Greek War of Independence. As a result, Muhammad Ali's forces temporarily gained control of Syria, advancing as far north as Kütahya. In the end, Syrian provinces were ceded to Egypt, and Ibrahim Pasha was made the governor-general of the region. -
Period: to
First Carlist War
The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1840, fought between factions over the succession to the throne and the nature of the Spanish monarchy. It was fought between supporters of the regent, Maria Christina, acting for Isabella II of Spain, and those of the late king's brother, Carlos de Borbón . The Carlists goal was the return to an absolute monarchy. Portugal, France and the UK supported the regency, and sent volunteer and even regular forces to confront the Carlist army. -
Period: to
Texas Revolution
The Texas Revolution was a rebellion of colonists from the United States and Mexico against the centralist government of Mexico. While the uprising was part of a larger one that included other provinces opposed to President Santa Anna, the Mexican government believed the United States had instigated the Texas insurrection with the goal of annexation. Only Texas succeeded in breaking with Mexico, establishing the Republic of Texas, and eventually being annexed by the United States. -
Period: to
The Second Egyptian–Ottoman War
In 1839, the Ottoman Empire moved to reoccupy lands lost in the First War. The Ottoman Empire invaded Syria, but after suffering a defeat was on the verge of collapse. The Ottoman fleet sailed to Alexandria and surrendered. Britain, Austria and other nations rushed to intervene and force Egypt into accepting a peace treaty. From September to November 1840 a combined naval fleet made up of British and Austrian ships cut off sea communications with Egypt, followed by occupations by the British. -
Period: to
First Opium War
The First Opium War was a series of military engagements fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China over conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice in China. The war ended in the signing of China's first Unequal Treaty, the Treaty of Nanking.[169][170] In the supplementary Treaty of the Bogue, the Qing empire also recognized Britain as an equal to China and gave British subjects extraterritorial privileges in treaty ports. -
1840
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Period: to
Mexican–American War
The Mexican–American War was an armed conflict between the United States of America and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. It followed in the wake of the 1845 American annexation of the independent Republic of Texas, which Mexico still considered its northeastern province and a part of its territory after its de facto secession in the 1836 Texas Revolution a decade earlier. Just under 800,000 square miles was lost to America, and another 30,000 square miles was sold to the U.S. in the Gadsden Purchase. -
1850
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Period: to
Crimean War
The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia. The immediate cause involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was a part of the Ottoman Empire. The French promoted the rights of Roman Catholics, while Russia promoted those of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Peace negotiations resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. -
Period: to
The Second Opium War
The Second Opium War was the UK and the French against China. After a British ship was captured by the Chinese and it’s crew imprisoned, the British bombarded the city. Later, the Treaty of Tianjin was ratified by the emperor's brother in the Convention of Beijing. The British, French, and Russians were all granted a presence in Beijing. The Chinese Paid 8 million taels to Britain and France. Britain acquired Kowloon. The opium trade was legalized and Christians were granted full civil rights. -
Period: to
The Pig War
The Pig War was a confrontation in 1859 between the United States and United Kingdom over the British–U.S. border in the San Juan Islands, between Vancouver Island and the mainland. The Pig War, is called as such because it was triggered by the shooting of a pig. With no shots exchanged and no human casualties, this dispute was a bloodless conflict. Officially it ended in 1859, but troops were stationed there until 1874. -
1860
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Period: to
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war that was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. As a result of the long-standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1861, when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, shortly after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated. The nationalists of the Union proclaimed loyalty to the U.S. Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate States, who advocated for states' rights to expand slavery. -
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War of the French Intervention
The War of the French Intervention was an invasion of Mexico, launched in late 1861, by the Second French Empire. Initially supported by Britain and Spain, the French intervention in Mexico was a consequence of President Benito Juárez's suspension of loan-interest payments to foreign countries on 17 July 1861, which angered the French, British, and Spanish creditors of the Mexican Republic. -
Period: to
Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War was a war fought in 1866 between the German Confederation under the leadership of the Austrian Empire and its German allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia with its German allies on the other, that resulted in Prussian dominance over the German states. Prussia had also allied with the Kingdom of Italy, linking this conflict to the Third Independence War of Italian unification. -
1870
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Period: to
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification and French fears of the shift in the European balance of power that would result if the Prussians succeeded. A quick German victory over the French stunned observers, many of whom had expected a French victory and most of whom had expected a long war -
Period: to
Russo-Turkish War
The Russo-Turkish War was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and an Eastern Orthodox coalition led by Russian and composed of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. Fought in the Balkans and in the Caucasus, its cause was emerging 19th-century Balkan nationalism. Additional factors included Russian hopes of recovering territorial losses suffered during the Crimean War, re-establishing itself in the Black Sea and attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire. -
1880
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1890
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Period: to
First Sino-Japanese War
The First Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Qing Empire and the Empire of Japan, primarily over influence of Korea. After more than six months of unbroken successes by Japanese land and naval forces and the loss of the port of Weihaiwei, the Qing government sued for peace in February 1895. -
Period: to
Cuban War of Independence
The Cuban War of Independence was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Little War (1879–1880). The final three months of the conflict escalated to become the Spanish–American War, with United States forces being deployed in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine Islands against Spain. -
Period: to
Boxer Rebellion
It was initiated by the Militia United in Righteousness (Yihetuan), known in English as the "Boxers", for many of their members had been practitioners of Chinese martial arts, also referred to in the west as "Chinese Boxing". They were motivated by proto-nationalist sentiments and by opposition to Western colonialism and the Christian missionary activity that was associated with it. The Eight-Nation Alliance brought 20,000 troops to China, defeated the Imperial Army, and killed all the rebels. -
1900
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Period: to
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. Russia sought a warm-water port on the Pacific Ocean for its navy and for maritime trade. Vladivostok was operational only during the summer, whereas Port Arthur was operational all year. Since the end of the First Sino–Japanese War in 1895, Japan feared Russian encroachment on its plans to create a sphere of influence in Korea and Manchuria. -
1910
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Period: to
First Balkan War
The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and comprised actions of the Balkan League (the kingdoms of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro) against the Ottoman Empire. The combined armies of the Balkan states overcame the numerically inferior and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies and achieved rapid success. -
Period: to
The Second Balkan War
The Second Balkan War was a conflict which broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, but they repulsed the offensive and counter-attacked, entering Bulgaria. Romania then also attacked Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire also took advantage of the situation to regain some lost territories. When Romanian troops approached the capital, Bulgaria asked for an armistice, resulting in the Treaty of Bucharest. -
Period: to
World War 1
The trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. This set off a diplomatic crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia[11][12] and, as a result, entangled-international-alliances, formed over the previous decades, were invoked. Within weeks the major powers were at war, and the conflict soon spread around the world. -
1918
