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4000 BCE
Virtue Ethics
It considers what virtues make a good public relations professional. Virtue ethics is person rather than action based: it looks at the virtue or moral character of the person carrying out an action, rather than at ethical duties and rules, or the consequences of particular actions. -
Deontology
It is the idea that people should be treated with dignity and respect. In contemporary moral philosophy, deontology is one of those kinds of normative theories regarding which choices are morally required, forbidden, or permitted. -
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is one of the most powerful and persuasive approaches to normative ethics in the history of philosophy. Utilitarianism is generally held to be the view that the morally right action is the action that produces the best. -
Ethical Egoism
All forms of egoism require explication of “self-interest” (or “welfare” or “well-being”). There are three main theories. Preference or desire accounts identify self-interest with the satisfaction of one’s desires. Often, and most plausibly, these desires are restricted to self-regarding desires. -
Ethics of Care
The ethics of care is a normative ethical theory often considered a type of virtue ethics. Care ethics was initially developed by psychologist Carol Gilligan during the 1960s from a feminist perspective.