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The Upanishads are composed in Sanskrit.
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Bimbisara of Bihar conquers the Magadha region in the northeast and moves the capital to Rajagriha.
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Prince Siddhartha Gautama is enlightened and becomes the Buddha.
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Darius of Persia expands the Persian empire beyond the Indus River (Punjab and Sind)
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The ascetic prince Mahavira founds Jainism in northern India.
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Bimbisara dies and is succeeded by Ajatashatru.
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Ajatashatru dies after expanding the Magadha territory.
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Panini's grammar (sutra) formalizes Sanskrit, an evolution of Vedic.
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Alexander of Macedonia invades the Indus valley.
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At the death of Alexander, Seleucus obtains India (Punjab).