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Literacy education was encouraged by the belief that salvation required the ability to read the bible. So they taught children to read at an early age by sounding out syllables before learning the meaning of a word. -
Behaviorism is based on the idea that knowledge is independent and on the exterior of the learner. -
In contrast to behaviorism, cognitivism focuses on the idea that students process information they receive rather than just responding to a stimulus, as with behaviorism. -
Educators began understanding how the mind receives, processes, stores, and retrieves information. Since that time, sparking debates on effective methods for teaching reading and writing. -
President Ronald Reagan's "A Nation at Risk" report led to many changes in education literacy through five reforms.
1. Content
2. Standards and Expectations
3. Time
4. Teaching
5. Leadership and Fiscal Support -
The No Child Left Behind Act required states to implement standardized tests and penalize schools with poor performance. This also led to many schools having to close their doors. -