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Marbury v. Madison
John Marshall had to sign comissions for "midnight justices" in order for them to take office. However, Marshall did not deliver all of the commissions before the new president was in office, so William Marbury along with 16 other people did not recieve theirs. Marbury then sued Jefferson's, James Madison. Marbury aked the court to issue a writ of mandamus forcing Madison to deliver Marbury his comission. -
McCllouch v. Maryland
The U.S government created the 1st national bank for the country in 1791. Maryland attempted to close the Baltimore branch, and James McCllouch, a branch employee, refused to pay the taxes. McCllouch was convicted and fined and he soon appealed his case. The court voided the tax on the grounds that it was unconstitutional. -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
In 1834 a Slave named Dred Scott was purchased in missouri and then transfered to Illinoise which was a free non-slave state during the time. He was orginally born a slave in Virginia around 1799. When his owner died Scott sued the widow to whom he was left with, saying he was no longer a slave because he had become free after living in a free state. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
In Louisiana a statue was passed called the Spereate Car Act, declaring that all rail companies carrying passengers in Louisiana must provide spereate but equal accommodations for blacks and whites. Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in the white-designated railroad car. This effected the world becasue everyone is now treated equally and you can sit where ever you wish now. -
Korematsu v. U.S
Since the Pearl Harbor was bombed in 1841 the military feared a Japenese attack on the U.S. Due to this president Roosevelt signed an executive order forcing Japenese peole into internment camps.Korematsu said he was Mexican to avoid the camp, but was soon discovered and convicted. Fred challenged his conviction and then apealed it to the Supreme court. -
Brown v. Board of Ed.
In Topeka, Kansas in the 1950's schools were segregated by race. African Americans had to go walk far ways from home even though there was a school near. Linda Brown, a young African American student, believed that the segregated school system violated the 14th admendment. She and her family took their case to court where it then was decided by the Federal district court that segregation in public education was harmful to black children. This case changed public education in a positive way. -
Mapp v. Ohio
Police were suspicious that Dollree Mapp was hiding a person suspected of a bomb in her home. They asked to search her home but she refused to let them in because they did not have a search warrant.They then forced their way in and found pornographic materials, & she was charged and arrested for obscene materials. This was important because police do have limits to what they can do. The case was decided 6 to 3. -
Gideon v. Wainwright
Clarence Giedon was accused of breaking an entering. He was unable to defend himself in court and he had poor background knowledge as of what to do. This case basically says that in court you have the right to be subjected to an attourney in court. This was important because it has and still does help many people out in a court hearing. -
Miranda v. Arizona
Ernesto Miranda was arrested after a crime victim identified him in a police line up. The police officers questioning him did not inform him of his 5th admendment righ to the assistance of an attorney. The 5th admendment protects the right to remain silent. This has effected our world because now people don't have to feel pressured or intimidated by police officers. -
Tinker v. Des Moines
John and Mary Beth Tinker of Des, Moines, Iowa, wore black arm bands to their public school to protest against the American involvement in the Vietnam War. School authorities then asked the students to remove their arm bands and as the students refused they were subsequently suspended. The students were then allowed to return once they removed the bands. This case is significant because we now have freedom of speech overall and in schools. -
Roe v. Wade
In the 1970's Texas law made it a felony to abort a fetus unless "on medical advice for the purpose of saving the life of the mother." This was an issue to Jane Roe. She was an unmarried and pregnant Texas resident during the time. She then filed suit against Wade, the district attorney of Dallas County. She believed that the law violated the guarantee of personal liberty and the right to privacy implicitly guaranteed in the 1st, 4th, 5th, 9th, and 14th admendments. -
New Jersey v. TLO
A New Jersey High School student was accused of violating school rules by smoking in the schools bathroom. This then lead the vice principle to search her purse for drugs. The vice principle discovered marijuana and other items that implicated the student in dealing marijuana. The student tried to have the evidence supressed saying tht the drugs were not a violation of school rules; therefore the evidence did not justify the search. -
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Principle Robert Reyonlds at Hazelwood East High School reviewed the school's student-written newspaper before its publication. He decided to remove some pages due to the sensitive content in two of the articles. The students who wrote the articles felt he violated their 1st admendment rights. The case was decided 5 to 3. -
Texas v. Johnson
Gregory Lee Johnson burned an American flag. No one was hurt or threatened with injury, however, some witnesses say they were deeply offended. Johnson was charged with the desecration of a venerated object in violation of the Texas Penal Code. The court voted 5-4 and the flag protection admendment failed to get two thirds need for passage of the flag protection admendment four times.
