-
Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1890, Louisiana had passed the Separate Car Act, segregating white passengers from black passengers. A 30 year old black man named Homer Plessy, purposely sat in the white section and was arrested. The problem this legislation was meant to address was the civil rights of all black people, being treated unfairly by segregation. Plessy taking this to court, the "solution" was to still have segregated public facilities, but they had to be equal to the white's facilities. -
McCollum v. Board of Education
The issue in this case was whether a school should allow instructors to provide religious instruction to students during the school day. Vashti McCollum was a mother of a student in the Champaign Board of Education school system who complained that it violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The Supreme Court agreed with Mrs. McCollum. -
Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka
Linda Brown, a black student, traveled long distances to get to her all black elementary school, while there was a white school a few blocks away from her house. The problem this legislation was meant to address was the racial segregation in public schools between black kids and white kids. Taking this to court, there was a conclusion that seperate yet "equal" educational facilities, are truly unequal. -
Title IV
Title IV provides financial assistance to students (federal aid) of higher education. Financial aid is offered by the federal government done by the Department of Education. Congress passed the Higher Education Act in the 1960's, and brought specific types of financial aid so it can be offered to students. -
Diana v. State Board of Education
Diana, a Mexican American student, was given an IQ test and the results showed that she had Mild Mental Retardation and was put in a special needs class. The problem this legislation was meant to address was non english speaking students being placed in special education classes because of their low English IQ results. This enacted a legislation where test scores will be determined by evaluating a students developmental history, cultural background, and academic achievement. -
Lau v. Nichols
Approximately 2,800 Chinese speaking students were not recieving the proper instruction at school. The problem this legislation was meant to address was discrimation against race or origin. This case was proven of violating the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination based on "the ground of race, color, or national origin," in any program receiving federal financial assistance. -
Education of all Handicapped Children Act
The problem this legislation was meant to adress was majority of children with severe disabilities were kept out of public schools, and those few who weren't, were segregated from mainstream classrooms. The solution was schools who received federal funding were required to provide all handicapped children equal access to education,and that they were to be placed in a least restrictive educational environment along with their other non disabled peers. -
Larry P v. Riles
This case showed that African American children were placed in special classes was unappropiately because of their unfair testing. The IQ tests that the students were taking did to follow through with their cultural background. They used more proper tests and found that the children were after all not mentally disabled. The solution was that IQ tests couldnt be the final base for determining if a student should be in a special needs class. -
Castaneda v. Pickard
This case was filed against the Raymondville Texas Independent School District. Mexican American parents argued that their children were being discriminated at school because of their ethnicity. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of Roy Castaneda, a Mexican American parent. This case also established three principles to determine if a school district is properly serving an LEP student (native language is not english). -
Plyler v. Doe
Super Intendent James Plyler began to charge a tuition fee of 1,000 dollars for each illegal student in the Tyler School District. The problem this legislation was meant to address was states could not deny students free public education because of their immigration status. Fortunately, in the court it was stated that the 14th amendment protected the rights of everyone within the borders.
