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♦ Combination Acts makes it illegal in Great Britain for workers to unionize in order to bargain for higher pay or better working conditions.
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Luddite Rebellion begins in Great Britain. Luddites attack factories and smash machines in protest against the industry.
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Parliament passes a law making it illegal by penalty of death to destroy industrial machines
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On January 16, 1813, fourteen Luddites are hanged at York Castle in England for the murder of manufacturer William Horsfall.
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Trade unions are legalized in Great Britain.
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♦ The 1833 Factory Act in Great Britain provides first regulation of child labor in textile factories.
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Poor Law creates “poorhouses” for the destitute in Great Britain.
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Friedrich Engels publishes his observations of the negative effects of industrialization in his book The Condition of the Working-Class in England.
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The British government establishes the General Board of Health to investigate sanitary conditions, setting up local boards to ensure safe water in cities.
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10,000 people die in three months in London from a Cholera epidemic caused by contaminated drinking water.
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The Elementary Education Act of 1870, aka Foster’s Education Act, in Great Britain makes school attendance mandatory for children between the ages of 5 and 10.
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Public Health Act gives the British government responsibility to ensure public health for housing and sewage.
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The Factory Act in Great Britain raises the minimum work age to 12 years old.
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The Child Labor Tax law is passed.
