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the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma.
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The Act established a process whereby the President could grant land west of the Mississippi River to Indian tribes that agreed to give up their homelands.
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four-year war (1861–65) between the United States and 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America.
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The Southern Treaty Commission was created by Congress to write new treaties with the Tribes that sided with the Confederacy.
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the law authorized the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals.
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began the legal opening of federally held land to white settlement.
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granted a new degree of autonomy to Native Americans in the United States, giving them greater control over their lands and allowing them to form legally recognized tribal governments.