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Al-Hakam 1 became Emir of Cordoba this year. He was Emir from 796-822.
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/sumay/hd_sumay.htm -
Upon Al-Mundhir's fathers death, he inherited the throne of Cordoba.
https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Al-Mundhir_of_Córdoba/ -
In response to the Muslims, Ordoño the third of León led a raid and attacked Lisbon.
https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/maximum-test/I6000000004052699411.php -
Al-hakam the second was the caliph or Cordoba. He was the second Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba. https://www.islamicspain.tv/history-of-islamic-spain/timeline-history/caliphal-splendor-at-ummayad-cordoba/ -
Muslims completely destroy León once https://www.academia.edu/49627958/Histories_of_the_Islamic_World_in_the_Chronicles_of_the_Kingdom_of_León_End_Ninth_to_Mid_Twelfth_Centuries_ -
This event kills the deposed Hisman the second.
https://pastinthepresent.net/2017/05/11/journeying-back-to-al-andalus-when-cordoba-was-europes-most-enlightened-city/ -
Part of the reason of this falling was due to the weakening of Umayyad authority, although the main reason was mostly due to continues hostilities between Arabs, Berbers, and slave officials.
https://www.metmuseum.org/learn/educators/curriculum-resources/art-of-the-islamic-world/unit-five/chapter-one/the-spanish-umayyads -
Hispanic calendar was adopted on this year. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-americas/early-cultures/prehistoric-mexico/a/the-mesoamerican-calendar -
On this year, the tafia of mertola falls to the almoravids. https://escholarship.org/content/qt4916z508/qt4916z508_noSplash_fc05c862cd0fc078d86f70982cd9d81d.pdf?t=qcsupy -
Toledo falls to the reconquista and will remain in Christians hands after this. -
This inquisition was a medieval inquisition to find heretics. https://sites.uwm.edu/carlin/the-development-of-the-inquisition/ -
Gregory IX begins Medieval Inquisition, reason for this was to bring order into the process of dealing with heresy.http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/reading/religion/inquisition.htm -
The war between Alfonso Xl and Granada starts due to its aiming to reconquer it as a christian territory. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fj67k -
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Nicolas Eymeric, Roman Catholic theologian in Medieval Spain and Inquisitor. He compiles a manual of instructions for the inquisitors, known as the Directorium Inquisitorum. https://blogs.shu.edu/archives/2017/06/highlights-from-the-rare-book-collection-directorium-inquisitorum/ -
Over half of Spain's Jews converted to Catholicism due to the Massacre of 1391.With the following attacks, around 50,000 more had converted by 1415. Others decided to convert to avoid expulsion. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1833647typeAccessWorkflow=login -
Pope Sixtus IV provided a Papal bill that allowed Catholic Monarchs to name inquisitors in order for the expulsion of Jews from Spain to occur.
https://inquisition.library.nd.edu/history-timeline -
On this day, twelve conversos were burned alive for practicing Judaism in the Auto de Fe. https://jewinthepew.org/2015/02/12/12-february-auto-da-fe-in-seville1481-and-toledo-1486-onthisday-otdimjh/ -
Signed on this day, guaranteed religious freedom and possession of property for the muslim occupants of captured territory. https://dbpedia.org/page/Treaty_of_Granada_(1491) -
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella provided the decree of Alhambra, ordering the expulsion of all Jews from their Kingdom. https://mjhnyc.org/events/the-history-of-antisemitism-the-alhambra-decree/#:~:text=On%20March%2031%2C%201492%2C%20King,to%20leave%20their%20homeland%20behind. -
Martin Luther nails his "Ninety-Five Theses" on the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg, led to the start of Reformation. https://www.loc.gov/rr/european/luther.html#:~:text=On%20October%2031%2C%201517%2C%20Martin,the%20church%20at%20Wittenberg%2C%20Germany. -
On this day, the Jesuit order was established.https://www.jesuits.org/about-us/history/ -
Named Grand Inquisitor, he continues the expulsion of Muslims who have converted to Christianity. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15729b.htm