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Robert Hooke coined the term cells and Anton Van Leeuwenhoek observed the first microorganism because of the invention of the icroscope.
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Gregor MEndel was an australian monk who worked with pea plants. Discovered the simple laws of inheritnce of traits allowing to predict outcome of crosses.
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Louis Pasture describes basics of frementation wine making and beer brewing.
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Johann Miescher found nucleur acid in white blood cells from pus in bandages.
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THomas Hunt Morgan discovered that genes were on chromosomes.
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Fred Griffith used mice to prove that genetic material could be moved from the strain of bacteria to another.
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Alexander Fleming isolated penicillin from a fungus. MAny developed biotechnology drugs.
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Showed DNA number of units of adenine equaled those of thymine and the number of units of clyosine equaled those of guanine.
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Beadle and Tatum proposed the One gene produces one enzyme hypothosis. DNA was the hereditary material that was transfered.
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Hershey and Chace proved viruses replicated that DNA was indeed a heredity material.
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Maurice Wilkings establiched through x-ray crystallography that DNA was indeed a double stranded helix.
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Watson and Crick discvoered structure of DNA
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Hayes discovered plasmid DNA found in bacteria
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Walter Gilbert discovered mechanism of gene expression through his study of RNA
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Arber, NAthans, and Smith discovered bacterial restriction enzymes that cut DNA
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Khorana and Niernberg discovered the 64 codons the triple code of base 3 in DNA
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DNA plasmids were isolated and purified by Vinograd
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WEre responsible for the first transformation of the bacterium Escherichia Coli
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Experiments were conducted by Boyer and Cohen
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Worlds first genetic engineering company was founded.,
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MEt to draw up guidelines for work with recominant DNA in Microorganisms
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Given and unknown piece of DNA they were able to read the correct order of bases of adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine,
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Inserted a synthetic insulin gene into E Coli
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Botstein found that onne could be identifies by the pattern made of ones DNA through the digest by different enzymes
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The first baby was born joining spem and egg in a petri dish
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Supreme Court ruled that genetically altered life forms can be patented
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Scientists made the first transgenic animals
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Placed a human insulin gene inside bacteria
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Chain reaction to amplify in the DNA factory
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Applied RFLP in DNA profiling to the study of criminal cases.
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Sequencer was invented, speeding up the labor intense process
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Genes were moved into and organism through the use of a gene gun
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Tranformed plants with Argobacterium-medicated gene transfer.
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Revised saftey guidelines for recombinant DNA to include plants grown in green houses and animals raised in barns.
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Discovered RNA interference silencing of genes in the worm C elegans
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Monoclonal antibody technology by Kohler, Milstein, and Jerene
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Washington university invested yeast artificial chromosomes
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Cloned Dolly the sheep from and adults cell of a ewe at the Roslin Institute in Scotland
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Technology looking at the expression of all genes of an organism at one time on a microscope slide or silicon chip was developed
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Sequencer that had capability of a sequencing 76,800 base pairs per hour 5 to 30 times faster than existing sequencers. Technology like this greatly sped up the human genome project.
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Part of an mRNA molecule that ccan regulate its own activity and therefore gene expression
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Provided the ability to find genes and gave raise to the sequence of other genomes
