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During this time, the Indo-Europeans lived in the Pontic-Caspien Steppe (aka modern-day Ukraine and southern Russia.) They were normadic herders who used horses and wagons, and spoke a early form of Indo-European language
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In 2500 BCE, the Indo-Europeans began spreading across Europe and Asia, they would migrate in waves, some going west into Europe and the others going east, they spread their language, horse-riding skills, and new technologies.
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Some Indo-Europeans groups traveled through Central Asia, mixing with local cultures, thus meaning that Indo-Europeans became the ancestors of the Indo-Aryans, who would later enter India.
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During this time, the Indus Valley Civilization began to decline, due to climate change and natural disasters. This left a power change in northwest India, making it easier for new groups like the Indo-Aryans to settle.
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During this time, the Indo-Aryans entered Northwest India through the Khyber Pass. They bought the Sanskirt language, horse-drawn chariots, and Vedic religion, which would later influence modern day Hinduism.
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The Rigveda (the oldest of the four Vedas) was written in Sanskrit during this period. These texts included hymns, rituals, and religious ideas that form Verdic Culture.
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Indo-Aryans moved eastward and settled in the Ganges River Valley, where they started to farm more. During this time they would also start to form small kingdoms ruled by kings.
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During this time, the Indo-Aryans developed the Varna system which divided people into four main groups, Brahmins which were priests, Kshatriyas were warriors, Vaishyas were traders and farmers, and Shudras were the servents and laborers, this system was the basis of the Indian caste system.
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During this time, Vedic religion and culture began to spread across northern India. The focus began to shift from rituals and personal beliefs, setting the stage for later religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.
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Indo-Aryan influence continued through religion, language, and social structure, Sanskrit became the sacred language of India, and Vedic traditions deeply shaped Indian Philosophy, literature, and spirtuality.