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The average survival rate was determined to be 75%–83% during the Inca period
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The civil war was caused because of two brothers fighting to claim the inca thrown.
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After years of preliminary exploration and military skirmishes, 168 Spanish soldiers under conquistador Francisco Pizarro, along with his brothers and their indigenous allies, captured the Sapa Inca Atahualpa in the 1532 Battle of Cajamarca.
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Road construction began in the mid-fifteenth century when the Inca gained control over its neighbors and started expanding their empire.
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The Inca continued to revolt against totalitarian Spanish rule until the year 1572. In that year the Spanish conquered Vilcabamba and killed the last Inca emperor, Tupac Amaru, after a summary trial.