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National Association of Parents and Friends of Retarded Children
Groups of parents throughout the country met in Minneapolis and created the organization that is now called The Arc. The Arc became the first organization to put money into research on intellectual and developmental disabilities. The Arc continues to advocate for research and then asks Congress for its full support for an International Research Plan.
https://thearc.org/ -
May 17, 1954, Brown v, BOE
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not, in fact, equal at all. https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/brown.mp3 -
Elementary and Secondary Education
ESEA (Elementary and Secondary Education) offered new grants to districts that serve low-income students, federal grants for textbooks and library books, funding for special education centers, and scholarships for low-income college students. The law also provided federal grants to state educational agencies to improve the quality of elementary and secondary education. -
PARC V, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
The two main findings, in this case, are the right of students with mental retardation to receive free public education and, as long as possible, include this kind of student in a regular classroom rather than an isolated special class. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOEX1YnkPFg) -
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 504)
Section 504 protects not only qualified individuals with disabilities who apply to and participate in such programs but also job applicants and employees of the organizations that provide them. Some of the disabilities include hearing impaired, blindness, cancer, alcoholism, heart disease, and mental illness. -
Public Law 94-142
This date is important because president Gerald Ford signed into law the EHA which guaranteed free and appropriate education to each child, in every state, throughout the country. It also included that the rights of the children and the parents were protected, -
Board of Educ. v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176 (1982)
This event was important because the only time the U.S Supreme Court had ruled on public schools to provide an appropriate education for students with disabilities. It is so sad to discover that educators would be ok with Amy just getting an average education when she was more than able to do so much more. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) gives civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities that are like those provided to individuals on the basis of race, sex, national origin, and religion. It guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in employment, public accommodations, transportation, State and local government services, and telecommunications. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/hq9805.html -
No Child Left Behind
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), which passed Congress with overwhelming bipartisan support in 2001. It was signed into law by President George W. Bush on Jan. 8, 2002, and is the name for the most recent update to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
ESSA gives more control to the states to fix failing schools, teacher quality, and student testing. Children still have to take tests; states just get to pick different forms of tests besides filling in bubbles. https://oese.ed.gov/families/essa/