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Before the 18th century, individuals with disabilities were not taken into consideration. Disabled individuals were thought to be evil or possessed or "plain stupid". With the beginning of the 18th century, this period was called the Enlightenment period, where ideas began to flourish and education started to grow.
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In 1760 Charles Michel L’Epeé founded the first public school for people with disabilities located in France. L'Epeé is considered one of the pioneers of the 18th century in respects to special education. His focus was language and phonetics taught in a different way as a better tool for education of deaf and blind.
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1908 alfred binet created the intelligence scale. It is a standardized intelligence test to help identify mentally retarded individuals and children. Later on it is applied to the American Standard and then the idea of an IQ test was created in 1916.
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In 1922, CEC was founded by Elizabeth Farrell. This council has an important role in creating and providing laws that protect those children with disabilities.
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In 1950 the National Association for Retarded Children was founded. It was founded by parents of children with disabilities in order to fight for the equal right for education. This later influenced the Public law 94-142.
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In 1954 supreme court decided that all children, no matter of their race, gender, mental capacity, had the right to equal education. Which later cause the public law 85-926, that provided grants to colleges and universities to make sure courses were offered to special education teachers. After the Brown case, parents of disabled children began to file lawsuits against their schools and districts for excluding their children.
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This act provides fund for schools in order for the schools to have a proper environment for children with disabilities. Later this turned into the Education of Handicapped Act, that passed to grant funds to schools for teacher trainings for handicapped students. This allowed for proper training of special education teachers.
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The first case fought for the rights of disabled children to a free public education. The second case reinforced the ideas of free public education for disabled children. Both cases reinforced that children and families have the right to procedural due process when protecting these rights.
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This Act assured the rights of people with disabilities in respect to a non- discriminative environment in education, employment and housing. These ideas to protect children with disabilities. This act also protected free public education were becoming overwhelming so IEP laws were created.
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In 1975 this law guarantees people with disabilities the right to free and appropriate public education in a restrictive environment. It requires each individual to have his or her own educational plan. IEP laws were created for the individual disabled child to help them in their education.
https://www.understandingspecialeducation.com/IEP-law.html